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ERMS name details
original description
Zelinka, K. (1928). Monographie der Echinodera. <em>Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.</em> 1-396, plates I-XXVII.
note: Zelinka's text (1928, p. 323) and his list of species from different localities (pp. 178-189) do not fully agree about the depth of the stations at St. Andrews Bay, Scotland. [details] Available for editors 
taxonomy source
Southern, R. (1914). Clare Island Survey. Nemathelmia, Kinorhyncha, and Chaetognatha. <em>Proceedings of the the Royal Irish Academy.</em> 31, part 54, section 3: 1-80, plates I-XII. (look up in RoR)
note: Species name had to be regarded as a nomen nudum, see taxonomic disclaimer by Southern (1914, p. 69). [details] 
taxonomy source
Lang, K. (1936). Undersökningar över Öresund. Untersuchungen aus dem Öresund. XXI. Einige Kleintiere aus dem Öresund. <em>Acta Universitatis Lundensis / Lunds Universitets Årsskrift N. F. Avdeling 2, Bd. 31 / Kunglige Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar N. F. Bd. 46.</em> (10): 1-8, figs. 1-11.
note: Lang observed that "Mittelwülste" (= anteromesial cuticular thickenings) varied among Pycnophyes calmani, P. flaveolus and P. kielensis and concluded that this character does not represent a characte... Lang observed that "Mittelwülste" (= anteromesial cuticular thickenings) varied among Pycnophyes calmani, P. flaveolus and P. kielensis and concluded that this character does not represent a character to distinguish different species.
Lang also doubted that Pycnophyes calmani and P. communis represented different species.
basis of record
Neuhaus, B.; van der Land, J. (2001). Cephalorhyncha (=Loricifera, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Nematomorpha), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 159-160 (look up in RoR) [details]
additional source
Zelinka, K. (1928). Monographie der Echinodera. <em>Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.</em> 1-396, plates I-XXVII. [details] Available for editors
additional source
Neuhaus, B. (2013). 5. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology, Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera, Volume 1: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin,. pp. 181-348. (look up in RoR), available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272536.181 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. <em>Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8.</em> vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp. (look up in RoR) [details] Available for editors
additional source
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
new combination reference
Lang, K. (1949). Echinoderida. <em>Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 under the direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskjöld.</em> 4 (2): 1-22.
note: Lang 1949, pp. 13-14: not Pycnophyes calmani Zelinka, 1928 but junior synonym of Pycnophyes communis Zelinka, 1908, because anteromesial (or midventral) thickenings of pachycycli not species-specific ... Lang 1949, pp. 13-14: not Pycnophyes calmani Zelinka, 1928 but junior synonym of Pycnophyes communis Zelinka, 1908, because anteromesial (or midventral) thickenings of pachycycli not species-specific characters.
From editor or global species database
Etymology Zelinka (1928, p. 321): "Die Kenntnis dieser größten Echinoderen-Art, die noch Trachydemus giganteus an Länge übertrifft, verdanke ich Herrn W. T. Calman in London, dessen Namen diese neue Spezies tragen möge."
[The acquaintance of this largest echinodere [= kinorhynch] species, which supersedes even Trachydemus giganteus in length, is because of Mr. W.T. Calman at London, whose name the new species may bear.] [details]
Taxonomy Southern (1914: p. 69): "For the two as yet undescribed species I have considered it advisable to record them under the names which Zelinka has given to them (in MS.), without attempting to forestall his description. The names will remain nomina nuda till the appearance of the long-expected monograph".
This statement is in accordance with ICZN article "8.3. Names and acts may be disclaimed", meaning that the undescribed species had to be regarded as a nomen nudum at that time, although Southern provided several diagnostic characters; Zelinka described the species in 1928 and became the author of the species. This situation was not fully appreciated, i.a. by Higgins (1983, pp. 55, 76, 78), Adrianov & Malakhov (1999, pp. 175, 282), Neuhaus (2013, p. 281), and Sánchez et al. (2016, pp. 482, 485, 496, 498). [details]
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