MarBEF Data System - ERMS - Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761)

(of Priapus senilis Linnaeus, 1761) Linnaeus, C. (1761). Fauna Suecica sistens Animalia Sueciae Regni: Distributa per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus insectorum. Editio altera, auctior. Stockholmiae, Stockhom, Sweden. 48:1-578. [Copepoda Monoculus, :497-499]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333
page(s): 510 (species nr 2103) [details]

Descriptive notes

Distribution circumarctic boreal to New Jersey

Distribution circumarctic boreal to New Jersey [details]

Taxonomic citation

Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2024). World List of Actiniaria. Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100982 on 2024-11-22

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

van der Land, Jacob

2009-09-01 14:40:36Z

changed

Fautin, Daphne

2015-10-08 08:58:45Z

changed

Fautin, Daphne

2015-10-13 10:34:41Z

changed

Fautin, Daphne

2018-06-15 10:40:43Z

changed

Daly, Meg

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

original description (of Actinia candida Müller, 1776) Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum: characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Typis Hallagerii, Havni, Copenhagen. 282 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47550 [details]

original description (of Metridium huanghaiensis Pei, 1998) Pei, Z. (1998). Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea. Science Press. Beijing., pp. 286.
page(s): 125-129, 133, 229, 232-233, Color Pl. I fig. 4, Black & white Pl. XII, figs. 1, 5, Pl. XIII, fig. 3, Pl. XIV, figs. 2, 6 [details]

original description (of Metridium sinensis Pei, 1998) Pei, Z. (1998). Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea. Science Press. Beijing., pp. 286.
page(s): 12, 129-135, 229, 232-233, Color Pl. I fig. 3, Black & white Pl. XII, fig. 2, Pl. XIII, figs. 1, 2, 4, Pl. XIV, figs. 1, 5 [details]

original description (of Paraisometridium pehuensis Zamponi, 1978) Zamponi, M. O. (1978). Sobre la anemona Paraisometridium pehuensis, gen. y sp. nov. (Actiniaria: Metridiidae). Neotropica, 24(72): 117-122
page(s): 117-121 [details]

original description (of Metridium senile senile (Linnaeus, 1761)) Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii. pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5 [details]

original description (of Actinia cereus Müller, 1776) Ellis, J.; Solander, D. (1786). The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zoophytes, collected from various parts of the Globe. Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. 4.(Benjamin White & Son: London): 1-206, pls 1-63., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41943909
page(s): 2 [details]

original description (of Priapus senilis Linnaeus, 1761) Linnaeus, C. (1761). Fauna Suecica sistens Animalia Sueciae Regni: Distributa per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus insectorum. Editio altera, auctior. Stockholmiae, Stockhom, Sweden. 48:1-578. [Copepoda Monoculus, :497-499]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100333
page(s): 510 (species nr 2103) [details]

original description (of Thoe pura Wright, 1859) Wright, E. P. (1859). Notes on the Irish Actinidæ, etc., with especial reference to their distribution. Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association, 1, 174-188
page(s): 182-183 [details]

original description (of Actinia pallida Holdsworth, 1855) Holdsworth, E. W. H. (1855). Description of two new species of Actinia, from the south coast of Devon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 23, 235-237
page(s): 235-236 [details]

original description (of Actinia senilis Linnaeus, 1767) Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii. pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5 [details]

original description (of Actinia pellucida Alder, 1858) Hollard, M. H. (1848). Études sur l'organisation des Actinies. Imprimerie de Marc Ducloux et Ce. Paris.
page(s): 6, 25 [details]

original description (of Actinia pellucida Alder, 1858) Alder, J. (1858). A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93-161, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10657407
page(s): 133-134 [details] Available for editors

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context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]

basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London. 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors

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additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p. [details]

additional source Logan, A. (1998). A sublittoral hard substrate epibenthic community below 30 m in Head Harbour Passage, New Brunswick, Canada. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 27: 445-459. [details]

additional source Sebens, K.P. 1998. Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States. Anthozoa, Actinaria, Corallimorparia, Ceriantharia, and Zoanthidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 141. 68 p. (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 64:1-306. [details] Available for editors

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additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]

additional source Ansell A.D. & Peck L.S. (2000). Burrowing in the Antarctic anemone, Halcampoides sp., from Signy Island, Antarctica. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology., 252, 1, 45-55.
page(s): 50 [details]

additional source Moore, H. B. (1937). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society. 50: 1-293, maps 1-3. (Crustacea: 87-142).
page(s): 55 [details]

additional source Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74..
page(s): 62-63 [details]

additional source Greenwood, P.G. & L.K. Garrity, 1991. Discharge of nematocysts isolated from aeloid nudibranchs. In: R.B. Williams, P.F.S. Cornelius, R.G. Hughes & E.A. Robson, eds, 1991. Coelenterate Biology: Recent research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 1989. Hydrobiologia 216217 : 671-677.
page(s): 114-120 [details]

additional source Robins, M.W., 1969. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora. J. nat. Hist. 3 : 329-343.
page(s): 341 [details]

additional source Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312.
page(s): 296, 303 [details]

additional source Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
page(s): 578, 588, 592 [details]

additional source Schmidt, H., 1969. Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 19 : 284-317.
page(s): 294, 295, Fig. 6a, 298, 299, 302, Fig. 9b-e, 303, 306 [details]

additional source Chintiroglou, C. & A. Koukouras, 1991. Observations on the feeding habits of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Anthozoa, Cnidaria. Oceanologica Acta 14 4: 389-396.
page(s): 390 [details]

additional source Östman, C., 2000. A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. In: C.E. Mills, F. Boero, A. Migotto & J.M. Gili, eds., Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Sci. Mar. 64 (Supl. 1): 31-46.
page(s): 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40 [details]

additional source Laverack, M.S. & M. Blackler (eds.). (1974). Fauna and flora of St. Andrews Bay. Edinburgh & London, Scottish Academic Press. 310 pp.
page(s): 29 [details]

additional source Dunn, D.F. & K. Hulsemann. (1979). Metridiidae Carlgren, 1893 (Anthozoa) and Metridiidae Sars, 1902 (Copepoda); request for a ruling to eliminate the homonymy. Z.N.(S.)2263. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 36(1):53-56. (vii-1979)
page(s): 53 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Williams, R.B. (1979). A survey of the littoral Anthozoa, with additional notes on some other marine invertebrates of Gower, South Wales. Nature in Wales 16(4):253-266.
page(s): 255 [details]

additional source Reimer JD, Sinniger F, Fujiwara Y, Hirano S, Maruyama T. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa:Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep
page(s): 257, 260, 261 [details]

additional source Manuel RL. (1979) Some new records of Anthozoa from British waters. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 59:393-397
page(s): 395 [details]

additional source Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2008). A new species of sea anemone from the Chilean fjord region, Paraisanthus fabiani (Actiniaria: Isanthidae), with a discussion of the family Isanthidae Carlgren. Zootaxa. 1897: 27-42.
page(s): 39 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Ates, R. M. L.; Dekker, R.; Faasse, M. A.; den Hartog, J. C. (1998). The occurrence of Sagartia elegans (Dalyell, 1848) (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen. 323: 263-276.
page(s): 267 [details]

additional source Braber, L.; Borghouts, H. (1977) Distribution and ecology of Anthozoa in the estuarine region of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt., Hydrobiologia 52: 15-20
page(s): 19 [details]

additional source Hand, C. (1955). The sea anemones of central California. Part III: The Acontiarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology. 13, 189-251., available online at http://digitalcollections.usfca.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15129coll11/id/243
page(s): 191, 198, 202-204, 208, 210 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Hand, C.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1994). The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions. Estuaries. 17(2): 501-508., available online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/1352679
page(s): 505 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. The Ray Society. London. pp. 426.
page(s): 214-232 [details]

additional source Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist. 11, 261-324., available online at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/kb/files/9793/TROTT-Cobscook%20List.pdf [details] Available for editors

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additional source Pearse, V., & Francis, L. (2000). Anthopleura sola, a new species, solitary sibling species to the aggregating sea anemone, A-elegantissima (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 113(3), 596-608.
page(s): 605 [details]

additional source Sinniger, F.; Montoya-Burgos, J. I.; Chevaldonné, P.; Pawlowski, J. (2005). Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosomal genes. Marine Biology. 147(5): 1121-1128., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0016-3
page(s): 1123, 1124 [details]

additional source Lauretta, D.; Häussermann, V.; Brugler, M. R.; Rodríguez, E. (2013). Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 14(1): 31-42., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-013-0149-z
page(s): 33 [details]

additional source Eash-Loucks, W. E.; Fautin, D. G. (2012). Taxonomy and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia) from deep water of the northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa. 3375: 1 – 80.
page(s): 41, 42 [details]

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8. vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors

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additional source den Hartog J.C., Ates R.M.L. (2011). Actiniaria from Ria de Arosa, Galicia, northwestern Spain, in the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden. 85 (2): 11-53.
page(s): 15, 16, 20, 21, 22 [details]

additional source Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press. 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
page(s): 138-141 [details]

additional source Hand, C. (1961). Two new acontiate New Zealand sea anemones. Trans. Soc. New Zealand. Zool. 1(4): 75-89.
page(s): 75-77 [details]

additional source Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar. 1: 1–121.
page(s): 106 [details]

additional source Harms, J. (1993). Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen, 47(1): 1-34, available online at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02366182
page(s): 16 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Parker, T.; Tunnicliffe, V. (1994). Dispersal strategies of the biota on an oceanic seamount: implications for ecology and biogeography. Biol. Bull., 187: 336-345
page(s): 339 [details]

additional source McCommas, S. A.; Lester, L. J. (1980). Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemone. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 8, 289-292
page(s): 289 [details]

additional source Panikkar, N. K. (1937). A study of the actinian Phytocoetes gangeticus Annandale, with an account of the post-larval development and the occurrence of neoteny in the anemone. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 62(3): 395-422
page(s): 418, 419 [details]

additional source Parry, G. (1952). The Actiniaria of New Zealand. A check-list of recorded and new species. A review of the literature and a key to the commoner forms. Part 2. Records of the Canterbury Museum. 6(2): 121-141.
page(s): 134 [details] Available for editors

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additional source England, K. W. (1971). Actiniaria from Mururoa Atoll Tuamotu, Polynesia (Hormathiidae, Calliactis polypus Sagartiidae: Verrillactis n. gen. Paguri). Cahiers du Pacifique, 15, 23-40
page(s): 34 [details]

additional source Riemann-Zürneck, K.; Gallardo, V. A. (1990). A new species of sea anemone (Saccactis coliumensis n. sp.) living under hypoxic conditions on the central Chilean shelf. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 44, 445-457
page(s): 455 [details]

additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On methods of reproduction as specific characters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 131-172
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additional source Sebens, K. P. (1998). Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle., volume 141, pp. 1-67
page(s): 13, 16, 33, 55 [details]

additional source Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (2000). Metridium farcimen, the valid name of a common North Pacific sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Acontiaria). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113(4): 1151-1161
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additional source Mathew, K. (1979). Studies on the biology of a sea anemone, Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill) from the south west coast of India. Bulletin of the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin, 10, 75-158
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1936). Some west American sea anemones. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 26(1): 16-23
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1934). Some Actiniaria from Bering Sea and Arctic waters. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 24(8): 348-353
page(s): 353 [details]

additional source Carlgren, O. (1939). Actiniaria, Zoantharia, and Madreporaria. Zoology of Iceland, 2, 8, 1-20
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additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1989). Fishes that eat sea anemones, a review. Journal of Natural History, 23, 71-79
page(s): 73 [details]

additional source Chomsky, O.; Kamenir, Y.; Hyams, M.; Dubinsky, Z.; Chadwick-Furman, N. E. (2004). Effects of feeding regime on growth rate in the Mediterranean sea anemone Actinia equina (Linnaeus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 299, 217-229
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additional source Fautin, D. G.; Chia, F. S. (1986). Revision of sea anemone genus Epiactis (Coelenterata: Actiniaria) on the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new brooding species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64(8): 1665-1674
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additional source Fautin, D. G.; Kozloff, E. N.; Siebert, A. E. (1987). Phylum Cnidaria - Class Anthozoa. University of Washington Press. Seattle and London., pp. 68-78
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additional source Grebelny, S. D. (1980). Distribution of the Actiniae in the Arctic. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Leningrad and Murmamsk., pp. 20-33
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1911). The Actiniaria of Passamaquoddy Bay, with a discussion of their synonomy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 4, 3, 59-83
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additional source Braga Gomes, P.; Belém, M. J. D.; Schlenz, E. (1998). Distribution, abundance and adaptations of three species of Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) on an intertidal beach rock in Carneiros beach, Pernambuco, Brazil. Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 21(2): 65-72
page(s): 66 [details]

additional source Loseva, L. (1972). Aktinii Yatryshnoy i Dalne-Zelenetskoy gub Barentseva Moria II. Metridium senile senile (L.), Tealia crassicornis (Müll.). chapter II, volume 21, pp. 31-38
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1975). Catch-tentacles in sea anemones: occurrence in Haliplanella luciae (Verrill) and a review of current knowledge. Journal of Natural History, 9, 241-248
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additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1928). The British Sea Anemones. Volume I. The Ray Society. London., volume 1, pp. 148.
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additional source Kostina, E. E. (1988). Biogeographical characteristics of sea anemones of the Pacific boreal region. Biologiya Morya, 1988(3): 14-21
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additional source den Hartog, J. C. (1986). The Queen Scallop, Chlamys opercularis (L., 1758) (Bivalvia, Pectinidae), as a food item of the sea anemone Urticina eques (Gosse, 1860) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae). Basteria, 50, 87-92
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additional source den Hartog, J. C. (1963). De Verspreiding Van Tealia felina, De Zeedahlia, In Nederland. Het Zeepaard, 23(5): 75-82
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additional source Cha, H. R.; Song, J. I. (2001). Taxonomy of two subtribes, Mesomyaria and Acontiaria (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) in Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 17(1): 91-113
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additional source Müllegger, S. (1938). Die Aktinien: Beschreibung der vornehmlich im aquarium gehaltenen Aktinien. Wochenschrift für Aquarien und Tarrarienkunde, 39-44, 1-16
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1998). Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 62(4): 361-372
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additional source Jaworski, E. (1938). Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen. Thalassia, 3(1): 3-57
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additional source Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1995). Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 9-18
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additional source Uchida, T. (1940). The fauna of Akkeshi Bay X. Actiniaria. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, 7, 6, (3): 265-275
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additional source Riis, A.; Dolmer, P. (2003). The distribution of the sea anemone Metridium senile (L.) related to dredging for blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) and flow habitat. Ophelia, 57(1): 43-52
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additional source Uchida, H.; Soyama, I. (2001). Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS. Japan., pp. 157.
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additional source Füller, H. (1957). Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Wirbellose I. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener. Berlin., pp. 30-34 (485 total pages in volume).
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additional source Jaworski, E. (1938). Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen. Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitdt zu Breslau. Breslau., pp. 57.
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additional source Williams, R. B. (2003). Locomotory behaviour and functional morphology of Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae): a contribution to a comparative study of burrowing behaviour in athenarian sea anemones. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 345, 437-484
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additional source Riemann-Zürneck, K. (1969). Sagartia troglodytes (Anthozoa). Biologie und Morphologie einer schlickbewohnenden Aktinie. Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, 12, 169-230
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additional source Daly, M.; Lipscomb, D. L.; Allard, M. W. (2002). A simple test: evaluating explanations for the relative simplicity of the Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Evolution, 56(3): 502-510
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additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1997). Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust. C. Moerman. Zeeanjer., pp. 31.
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additional source Griffiths, C. L.; Kruger, L. M.; Smith, C. E. (1996). First record of the sea anemone Metridium senile from South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology, 31(3): 157-158
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additional source Williams, R. B. (2000). Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), III: ranges and other measures of statistical dispersion, their interrelations and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 64(1): 49-68
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1980). A further note on catch-tentacles in sea anemones. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 25, 84-86
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1912). Notes on the actiniæ occurring in the neighbourhood of the biological station, St. Andrews, N.B. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1, 33-35
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additional source Acuña, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa. African Zoology, 39(2): 314-318
page(s): 317 [details]

additional source Lawn, I. D.; McFarlane, I. D. (1976). Control of shell settling in the swimming sea anemone Stomphia coccinea. Journal of Experimental Biology, 64, 419-429
page(s): 428 [details]

additional source Ilyna, A. P.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Sokotun, I. N.; Egorov, T. A.; Nazarenko, Y. A.; Likhatskaya, G. N.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2005). Actinoporins from the Sea of Japan anemone Oulactis orientalis: isolation and partial characterization. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 31(1): 34-42
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additional source Robson, E. A. (2004). Cnidogenesis in the jewel anemone Corynactis californica (Carlgren, 1936) and C. viridis (Allman, 1846) (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78(27): 461-476
page(s): 462-466 [details]

additional source Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (1990). Systematics of sea anemones belonging to genus Metridium (Coelenterata: Actiniaria), with a description of M. giganteum new species. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 47(1-2): 77-85
page(s): 77-80, 82-83 [details]

additional source Bigger, C. H. (1982). The cellular basis of the aggressive acrorhagial response of sea anemones. Journal of Morphology, 173, 259-278
page(s): 274 [details]

additional source Uechi, G. I.; Toma, H.; Arakawa, T.; Sato, Y. (2005). Biochemical and physiological analyses of a hemolytic toxin isolated from a sea anemone Actineria villosa. Toxicon, 45, 761-766
page(s): 764 [details]

additional source Acuña, F. H.; Zamponi, M. O. (1995). Feeding ecology of intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria): food sources and trophic parameters. Biociências, 3(2): 73-84
page(s): 77 [details]

additional source Acuña, F. H.; Zamponi, M. O. (1998). Estructura poblacional de Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) y Aulactinia reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae) en Argentina. Biociências, 6(2): 13-33
page(s): 20 [details]

additional source Acuña, F. H.; Zamponi, M. O. (1996). Ecología trófica de las anémonas intermareales Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849, Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) y A. reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): relaciones entre las anémonas y sus presas. Ciencias Marinas, 22(4): 397-413
page(s): 398, 412-413 [details]

additional source Acuña, F. H. (1997). Ecología trófica de actiniarios (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) intermareales: selección de la Talla de las Presas. Physis (Buenos Aires), 53(124-125): 1-5
page(s): 1 [details]

additional source Cline, E. I.; Wolowyk, M. W. (1997). Cardiac stimulatory, cytotoxic and cytolytic activity of extracts of sea anemones. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2): 91-98
page(s): 91, 93-95 [details]

additional source Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M.; Cappola, V. A. (2005). Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Faroe Islands: a preliminary list and biogeographic context. Annales Societatis Scientiarum Færoensis, 41, 77-87
page(s): 83, 84, 85 [details]

additional source Acuña, F. H.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). Species richness, endemicity and distribution patterns of South African sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria & Corallimorpharia). African Zoology, 39(2): 193-200
page(s): 195 [details]

additional source Tkachenko, K. S. (2003). Distribution of the anthozoan Metridium senile fibriatum (Verril) on the rocky sublittoral of the Rimsky-Korsakov Islands, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Ecology, 34(4): 271-276
page(s): 271 [details]

additional source Olmstead, N. C.; Fell, P. E. (1978). Estuarine animals. Nancy C. Olmstead (eds.). The Connecticut Arboretum. New London, Connecticut, pp. 12-44
page(s): 18 [details]

additional source Gotshall, D. W. (2005). Guide to Marine Invertebrates: Alaska to Baja California. Sea Challengers. Monterey., edition 2nd (Revised), pp. 117.
page(s): 32 [details]

additional source Hand, C. H. (1996). The alarm response and some predators of the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt). Wasmann Journal of Biology, 51(1-2): 9-23
page(s): 21 [details]

additional source Östman, C.; Kultima, J. R.; Wong, S. Y. G. (2010). Dart formation in nematocysts of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Scientia Marina, 74(3): 499-510
page(s): 499, 500, 508, 509 [details]

additional source Brugler, M. R.; France, S. C. (2007). The complete mitochondrial genome of the black coral Chrysopathes formosa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) supports classification of antipatharians within the subclass Hexacorallia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42, 776-788
page(s): 776, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786 [details]

additional source Isomura, N.; Nishihira, M. (2006). Distribution of intertidal sea anemones in Mutsu Bay, northern Japan. Plankton and Benthos Research, 1, 4, 200-207
page(s): 200, 206 [details]

additional source Stehouwer, H. (1954). The preference of the slug Aeolidia papillosa (L.) for the sea anemone Metridium senile (L.). Archives Néerlandaises de Zoologie, 10(2): 161-170
page(s): 161-170 [details]

additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Zamponi, M. O. (1991). La biologia reproductiva de Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): gametogenesis, periodos reproductivos, desarrollo embrionario y larval. Spheniscus, 9, 25-39
page(s): 36 [details]

additional source Lin, J.; Chen, C. P.; Chen, I. M. (1992). Sexual and asexual reproduction of Anthopleura dixoniana (Anthozoa: Actiniaria): periodicity and regulation. Marine Biology, 112, 91-98
page(s): 91, 96 [details]

additional source Grebelny, S. D. (1986). Class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia -- hexameral corals, orders Actiniaria and Ptychodactiaria [in Russian]. Akademia Nauk, USSR. Apatity, pp. 87-91
page(s): 88, 91 [details]

additional source Kruger, L. M.; Griffiths, C. L. (1998). Sea anemones as secondary consumers on rocky shores in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Natural History, 32, 629-644
page(s): 630 [details]

additional source Geller, J. B.; Fitzgerald, L. J.; King, C. E. (2005). Fission in sea anemones: Integrative studies of life cycle evolution. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45, 615-622
page(s): 619 [details]

additional source Schuett, C.; Doepke, H.; Grathoff, A.; Gedde, M. (2007). Bacterial aggregates in the tentacles of the sea anemone Metridium senile. Helgoländer Marine Research, 61, 211-216
page(s): 211-215 [details]

additional source Scott, A.; Harrison, P. L. (2007). Embryonic and larval development of the host sea anemones Entacmaea quadricolor and Heteractis crispa. Biological Bulletin, 213, 110-121
page(s): 119 [details]

additional source Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusmão, L.; Rodríguez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301
page(s): 295 [details]

additional source Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2005). Distribution patterns of Chilean shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actinaria, Corallimorpharia), with a discussion of the taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships between the actinofauna of ths South East Pacific, the South West Atlantic, and the Antarctic. Scientia Marina, 69 (Suppl. 2), 91-102
page(s): 98 [details]

additional source Zamponi, M. O. (2000). El estuario del Rio de La Plata: Una barrera geografica para los cnidarios bentonicos marinos?. Biociências, 8(1): 127-136
page(s): 131 [details]

additional source Braga Gomes, P.; Zamponi, M. O.; Solé-Cava, A. M. (2003). Asexual reproduction and molecular systematics of the sea anemone Anthopleura krebsi (Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51, 1, 147-154
page(s): 151 [details]

additional source Patronelli, L.; Olivera, E. G.; Panzeri, A.; Zabaleta, G.; Zabaleta, A. (1999). Respuesta contráctil del esfínter marginal de la anémona Phymactis clematis (Actiniaria): efecto de diferentes iones. Biociências, 7(2): 25-42
page(s): 26 [details]

additional source Bucklin, A.; Hedgecock, D. (1982). Biochemical genetic evidence for a third species of Metridium (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Marine Biology, 66, 1-7
page(s): 1-6 [details]

additional source Daly, M.; Gusmão, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodríguez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388
page(s): 374 [details]

additional source Lamb, A.; Hanby, B. P. (2005). Sea anemones, corals, hydroids, hydrocorals, jellies and others: Phylum Cnidaria (aka Coelenterata). Habour Publishing. Madeira Park, pp. 80-113
page(s): 81 [details]

additional source Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45
page(s): 38, 39 [details]

additional source Kramer, A.; Francis, L. (2004). Predation resistance and nematocyst scaling for Metridium senile and M. farcimen. Biological Bulletin, 207, 130-140
page(s): 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, Fig. 4A, B, E, and F, 138, 139 [details]

additional source Ninh, T. D.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2008). Unusual arsenic speciation in sea anemones. Chemosphere, 70, 1168-1174
page(s): 1168-1174 [details]

additional source Ates, R. M. L. (2001). Kwallen als voedsel van zeeanemonen en van stormvogels [Jellyfish as food for sea anemones and fulmars]. Het Zeepaard, 62(5): 132-135
page(s): 132 [details]

additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On the nematocysts of sea anemones. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 173-201
page(s): 177, 185, 189, 195 [details]

additional source Braby, C. E.; Pearse, V.; Bain, B. A.; Vrijenhoek, R. C. (2009). Pycnogonid-cnidarian trophic interactions in the deep Monterey Submarine Canyon. Invertebrate Biology, 128(4): 359-363
page(s): 359 [details]

additional source Östman, C.; Kultima, J. R.; Roat, C. (2010). Tentacle cnidea of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Scientia Marina, 74(3): 511-521
page(s): 511, 512, 513, 519, 520 [details]

additional source Östman, C.; Kultima, J. R.; Roat, C.; Rundblom, K. (2010). Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Scientia Marina, 74(3): 483-497
page(s): 483, 484, 485, 486, 495, 496 [details]

additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1914). Modesty overworked. Science, 39(1013): 785-786
page(s): 785 [details]

additional source Cutress, C. E. (1949). The Oregon Shore Anemones (Anthozoa). Oregon State College (Thesis). Corvallis., pp. 57.
page(s): 38-39 [details]

additional source Annett, C.; Pierotti, R. (1984). Foraging behavior and prey selection of the leather seastar Dermasterias imbricata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 14, 197-206
page(s): 197, 200, 202-205 [details]

additional source Ramil Blanco, F.; Pulpeiro, E. F. (1990). Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 86(1-4): 17-30
page(s): 24 [details]

additional source Carlgren, O. (1942). Actiniaria Part II. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5, 12, 1-92
page(s): 59-60 [details]

additional source Williams, R. B. (1975). A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species. Journal of Natural History, 9, 51-64
page(s): 59 [details]

additional source Ates, R. M. L. (2006). De golfbrekeranemoon, Diadumene cincta Stephenson, 1925, is geen recente immigrant. Het Zeepaard, 66, 52-59
page(s): 58 [details]

additional source Geller, J. B.; Walton, E. D. (2001). Breaking up and getting together: evolution of symbiosis and cloning by fission in sea anemones (genus Anthopleura). Evolution, 55(9): 1781-1794
page(s): 1782, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787 [details]

additional source Christidis, J.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Culley, M. B. (1997). A study of the populations of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842) in symbiosis with anomuran decapods in Thermaikos Gulf (N. Aegean Sea). Crustaceana, 70(2): 227-238
page(s): 235 [details]

status source Fautin, D. G. (2016). Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa. 4145(1): 1-449., available online at http://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/zootaxa.4145.1.1/21995
page(s): 107; note: Fautin (2016) recognizes both M. senile and M. dianthus as valid. Usage is complicated because one or other has been used as valid at different times. [details]

Present

Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio

Inaccurate

Introduced: alien

Containing type locality

Nontype (of Actinia (Entacmaea) rufa Müller, 1776) MNB 137, geounit Greek Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype (of Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill)) KUNHM [details]

Nontype (of Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill)) NEFSC, geounit Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype (of Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill)) NEFSC, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype (of Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill)) USNM 50640, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype (of Metridium senile fimbriatum (Verrill)) USNM 50641, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype EWNHM, geounit South Korean Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18485, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18486, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18487, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18488, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18489, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18490, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Nontype RMNH Coel. 18491, geounit Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Paratype (of Metridium sinensis Pei, 1998) IOCAS H0016-10, geounit Chinese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Paratype (of Metridium sinensis Pei, 1998) IOCAS V1701-(2), geounit Chinese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Paratype (of Metridium sinensis Pei, 1998) IOCAS Y370B-5, geounit Chinese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Paratype (of Metridium sinensis Pei, 1998) IOCAS Y370B-6, geounit Chinese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Paratype (of Paraisometridium pehuensis Zamponi, 1978) MLP C.A. 10, geounit Argentinean Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Unreviewed

Diet Generally, anthozoans are primarly carnivorous which prey on sea urchins, gastropods, bivalves, or crustaceans that crawl or swim into their grasp. [details]

Distribution circumarctic boreal to New Jersey [details]

Habitat Known from seamounts and knolls [details]

Habitat coastal to shelf [details]

Habitat sandy, muddy, or rocky habitats; also may attached themselves to hard parts or products of other organisms (shells) [details]

Reproduction reproduce asexually through longitudinal fission and sexually (protandric hermaphrodites) [details]

Definitions

Language	Name
Dutch	zeeanjeliergeschulpte zeeanemoon	[details]
English	plumose sea anemoneplumose anemonefrilled sea anemonefrilled anemonecloned plumose anemoneclonal plumose anemonebrown sea anemone	[details]
French	oeillet de meranémone plumeuseactinie plumeuse	[details]
German	Seenelke	[details]
Japanese	ヒダベリイソギンチャク	[details]
Russian	морская гвоздикаМетридиум красный (старческий)	[details]