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WoRMS taxon details
original description
(of Eschara pallasiana Moll, 1803) Moll, J. P. C. (1803). Eschara, ex zoophytorum, seu, phytozoorum ordine pulcherrimum ac notatu dignissimum genus, novis speciebus auctum, methodice descriptum et iconibus ad naturam delineatis illustratum. <em>Camesiniana, Vindobonae.</em> pp.1-70., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c026109852&view=1up&seq=2 [details] 
original description
(of Lepralia pedilostoma Hassall, 1841) Hassal, A.H. (1841). XXXIX.—Supplement to a Catalogue of Irish Zoophytes. <em>The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology.</em> 7: 363-373., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2314625
page(s): 368 [details]
original description
(of Lepralia pediostoma Hassall, 1841) Johnston, G. (1847). A history of British zoophytes. Van Voorst, Second edition, London. pp. vol. 1, pp. i-xvi, 1-488, vol. 2, plates 1-74. <em>Van Voorst, London.</em> 1: 1-499, figs 1-87; vol. 2: pls 1-74., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17834260
page(s): 315-316 [details]
context source (Introduced species)
Fofonoff, P.W.; Ruiz, G.M.; Steves, B.; Carlton, J.T. (2014). National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System (NEMESIS), available online at http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis [details]
basis of record
Hayward, P.J. (2001). Bryozoa, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 325-333 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. <em>John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London.</em> 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]
additional source
Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). Field guide to North American seashore creatures. <em>The Audubon Society.</em> 1-799. [details]
additional source
Pollock, L.W. (1998). A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=i1AmT31cuR4C [details]
additional source
Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source
Gordon, D. P.; Taylor, P. D.; Bigey, F. P. (2009). Phylum Bryozoa: moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 271-297. [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
new combination reference
Canu, F.; Bassler, R. S. (1925). Les bryozoaires du Maroc et de Mauritanie (1er Mémoire). <em>Mém. Soc. Sc. Nat. du Maroc.</em> 10: 1-79.
page(s): 33 [details] Available for editors [request]
From regional or thematic species database
Diet Small microorganisms, including diatoms and other unicellular algae. [details]
Introduced species impact in Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space [details]
Introduced species impact in Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : Water abstraction or nuisance fouling [details]
Introduced species remark In Mexico (Nation) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In Argentina (Nation) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In Brazil (Nation) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In New Zealand (Nation) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In South Africa (Nation) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In South Atlantic Ocean (IHO Sea Area) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species remark In Uruguay (Nation) : There are no specific economic or ecological impacts reported for this bryozoan. [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal United States part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) Aquaculture: accidental [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Hawaiian part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region Debris: transport of species on human generated debris (metal cylinder) [details]Unreviewed
Distribution Nova Scotia to Florida [details]
Habitat sessile, colonial on hard substratum epifauna in the marine environment [details]
Predators grazing organisms such as sea urchins and fish; also subject to competition and overgrowth from sponges, algae, and tunicates [details]
Reproduction sexual and asexual; bryozoan colonies consist of replicated series of zooids, each budded asexually from a predecessor. The founding zooid metamorphoses from the sexually produced larva. Hermaphroditic. [details]
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