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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Stephen, A. C. (1965). A revision of the classification of the phylum Sipuncula. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> (Series 13) 7 (80): 457–462., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222936408651485
note: As Sipuncula [details] Available for editors  [request]
taxonomy source
Gómez-Vásquez, Julio D. (2024). New records and five new species of sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific. <em>European Journal of Taxonomy.</em> 925: 179-219., available online at https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/2463
note: Review of Sipuncula for the Mexican Pacific (see Table 1 for list) [details] 
additional source
Franco, Letícia C.; Magalhães, Wagner F.; Guimarães, Lívia. S.; Oliveira, Deisiane ; Rocha, Erika C.; Kawauchi, Gisele Y. (2024). Four new records of Sipuncula (Annelida) from Northern Brazil. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5410(1): 134-144., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5410.1.8 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
status source
Schulze, A.; Boyle, M. J.; Kawauchi, G. Y.; Kerbl, A.; Worsaae, K. (2019). Sipuncula. Lobatocerebridae. <em>[Book chapter].</em> Chapter 6, p177-216 In: Handbook of Zoology [Annelida. Basal groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria 1], edited by G. Purschke, M. Böggemann and W. Westheide. De Gruyter., available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110291582-006
note:
authors recognize a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Anneli...
authors recognize a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Annelida, evidently rejecting a grouping with Amphinomidae
[details] Available for editors [request]
identification resource
Cutler, Edward B.; Schulze, Anja; Dean, Harlan K. (2004). The Sipuncula of sublittoral New Zealand, with a key to all New Zealand species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 525(1): 1-19., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.525.1.1
note: key for New Zealand (no figures) [details] Available for editors [request]
From editor or global species database
Classification The early history of the classification of Sipuncula within Animalia is summarized by Saiz-Salinas (2018). Their placement has varied, including a period in the Gephyrea, an amalgamation of unrelated groups introduced by Quatrefages. Ranking as an independent phylum was only gradually adopted from the 1900s. Sipuncula are currently downranked to an order within Annelida after molecular evidence over a number of years that Sipuncula are a group within Annelida (summarized in Schultze et al, 2019, Handbook of Zoology), with the following families.
Family Antillesomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868
Family Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Family Phascolosomatidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Family Siphonosomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814
Schultze et al (2019) recognized a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Annelida, evidently rejecting a grouping with Amphinomidae, but outside of Polychaeta. When Sipuncula was ranked as an independent phylum the higher groupings of valid families was excessively partitioned as follows with two classes and three orders for just six families:
Class Phascolosomatidea
Order Aspidosiphonida [superfluous order for 1 valid familly]
Family Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868
Order Phascolosomatida
Family Antillesomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Phascolosomatidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Class Sipunculidea [superfluous class for 1 valid order]
Order Golfingiida
Family Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Family Siphonosomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814
[details]
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Dutch |
spuitwormenpindawormen |
[details] | |
English |
sipunculoidssipunculid wormssipunculanssipunculan wormspeanut worms |
[details] | |
French |
siponcles |
[details] | |
German |
Sternwürmer [from synonym]Spritzwürmer [from synonym]Sipunculiden [from synonym] |
[details] | |
Japanese |
星口動物門 |
[details] | |
Swedish |
stjärnmaskar |
[details] |
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Present 
