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WoRMS taxon details
original description
(of Phascolosoma improvisum Théel, 1905) Théel, H. (1905). Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. Sipunculids. <em>Kungl. Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar.</em> 39: 1-130, plates 1-15., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37126141
page(s): 82, plates 5, 12, 14; note: West coast of Sweden [details]
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
basis of record
van der Land, J. (2001). Sipuncula, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 178-179 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. <em>Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8.</em> vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
status source
Cutler, E.B. (1994). The Sipuncula, their systematics, biology, and evolution. Cornell University Press 512 East State St., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. ISBN #0-8014-2843-2. [details]
From editor or global species database
Synonymy Nephasoma (Nephasoma) diaphanes diaphanes (Gerould, 1913) and Nephasoma (Nephasoma) minutum (Keferstein, 1862) are two different species which can be differentiated when you have ripe specimens in the sample.
The first species is dioecious, whereas the second is hermaphroditic. Cutler also used as a criterion the origin of the sample: deep-water for the first vs. shallow water for the 2nd species. And the 1st species is almost cosmopolitan whereas the 2nd species is restricted to NE Atlantic waters. Otherwise both species are difficult to separate since they share the same morphological characters
Murina & Sorensen (2004) pp. 285-6 did not accept the proposal of Cutler (1994) and both names were considered as synonymous by them.
In general: WoRMS is following Cutler (1994) proposals. [details]Unreviewed
Distribution Maine to North Carolina [details]
Habitat coastal to shelf [details]
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Golfingia minuta (Keferstein, 1862))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Nephasoma minutum (Keferstein, 1862))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Phascolosoma johnstoni (Forbes, 1841))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (34 publications) (from synonym Phascolosoma minutum Keferstein, 1862)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (44 publications) (from synonym Petalostoma minutum (Keferstein, 1862))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (5 publications) (from synonym Golfingia improvisa (Théel, 1905))
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Nephasoma minutum) (from synonym Nephasoma minutum (Keferstein, 1862))
To GenBank (3 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Nephasoma minutum (Keferstein, 1862))
To GenBank (3 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Nephasoma minuta (Keferstein, 1862))
To PESI (from synonym Golfingia minuta (Keferstein, 1862))
To PESI
To PESI (from synonym Nephasoma minutum (Keferstein, 1862))
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Sipuncula Collection (1 record) (from synonym Nephasoma minutum (Keferstein, 1862))
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Sipuncula Collection (1 record) (from synonym Phascolosoma minutum Keferstein, 1862)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Sipuncula Collection (6 records) (from synonym Golfingia sabellariae (Théel, 1905))
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Present 