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Licher, Frank 2000 (1999), Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 551:1-336
23045
Licher, F.
2000
Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie
Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft
551: 1-336
Publication
World Polychaeta Database (WPolyD). Issue date 1999, but published early 2000.
The genus Typosyllis (Langerhans, 1879) (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) is revised for the first time. All distinct species of this taxon are described in detail and synonyms listed. Altogether, more than 1850 specimens representing 213 taxa were examined. Twenty-three taxa, previously assigned to Syllis, Langerhansia, Ehlersia or Pionosyllis, are transferred to the genus Typosyllis. Eight species previously assigned to Typosyllis or Syllis are transfered to other syllid taxa. One junior homonym is renamed. The following four species are described as new to science: T. hyllebergi sp. nov., T. mauretanica sp. nov., T. silkeae sp. nov. and T. taiwanensis sp. nov. Three names are treated as Syllinae incertae sedis. Fifty-five names are regarded as younger synonyms of previously described Typosyllis-species. Fifty-seven names are considered nomina dubia. Nine names are considered nomina nuda. The names Syllis atlantico and S. atlantica lineata originally erected as nomina nova have to be eliminated. According to this revision the genus Typosyllis comprises 107 distinct species. A key for identification of all species is provided. Four lectotypes and several paralectotypes are designated: Typosyllis vittata (Grube, 1840) (MPW 673), T. valida Grube, 1857 (ZMUC 881; ZMUC 890), T. neglecta (Grube, 1870) comb. nov. (ZMB Verm. 843 (LT); ZMB Verm. 11074 (PLT)) und T. violacea (Grube, 1870) comb. nov. (ZMB Verm. 844; ZMB 11073). For two species neotypes are designated: Typosyllis cornuta (Rathke, 1843) (NTNU) und T. prolifera (Krohn, 1852) (NHMG Inve-21334). In the computer-based, cladistic analysis of Typosyllis revealed 3 large monophyletic groups of complexes: the complex-group cornuta (22 species, 6 species-groups), the complex-group prolifera (49 species, 8 species-groups) and the complex-group armillaris (25 species, 4 species-groups). Eleven species cannot be assigned with certainty to any of these 18 species-groups. It is shown that the taxa previously assigned to the genus Langerhansia (species with falcigerous and pseudospinigerous chaetae) probably form a monophylum, whereas the taxa previously assigned to the genus Typosyllis (species with falcigerous chaetae only) form a paraphylum. Nevertheless, the taxa Langerhansia is eliminated by referring the respective species to the genus Typosyllis, since the distinction of these two groups is based only on slight, gradual differences in some characters, providing no sound reasoning for a correct assignment of some species to Typosyllis or to Langerhansia.
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Amblyosyllis formosa (Claparède, 1863) accepted as Amblyosyllis spectabilis (Johnston in Baird, 1861) (additional source)
Branchiosyllis exilis (Gravier, 1900) (additional source)
Chaetosyllis oerstedi Malmgren, 1867 (status source)
Ehlersia (Syllis) cornuta (Rathke, 1843) accepted as Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia (Syllis) rosea Langerhans, 1879 accepted as Syllis rosea (Langerhans, 1879) (new combination reference)
Ehlersia (Syllis) simplex Langerhans, 1879 accepted as Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866 (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia beneliahui (Campoy, 1982) accepted as Syllis beneliahuae (Campoy, 1982) (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia cornuta (Rathke, 1843) accepted as Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia ferrugina Langerhans, 1881 accepted as Paraehlersia ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia ferruginea Langerhans, 1881 accepted as Paraehlersia ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia garciai (Campoy, 1982) accepted as Syllis garciai (Campoy, 1982) (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia nepiotoca Caullery & Mesnil, 1916 (status source)
Ehlersia rosea Langerhans, 1879 accepted as Syllis rosea (Langerhans, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Ehlersia simplex Langerhans, 1879 accepted as Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866 (source of synonymy)
Haplosyllis (Syllis) [auct.] accepted as Haplosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (source of synonymy)
Haplosyllis (Syllis) hamata (Claparède, 1868) accepted as Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855) (source of synonymy)
Haplosyllis chamaeleon Laubier, 1960 (additional source)
Haplosyllis hamata (Claparède, 1868) accepted as Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855) (source of synonymy)
Haplosyllis oligochaeta (Bobretzky, 1870) accepted as Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855) (source of synonymy)
Haplosyllis oligochaeta pontica Czerniavsky, 1881 (status source)
Haplosyllis oligochaeta pontica Czerniavsky, 1881 (basis of record)
Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855) (additional source)
Haplosyllis spongiphila (Verrill, 1885) (basis of record)
Ioida macrophthalma Johnston, 1839 accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Ioida macrophthalmus [auct. misspelling] accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Ioida pontica Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Syllis pontica (Czerniavsky, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Isosyllis Ehlers, 1864 accepted as Syllis Lamarck, 1818 (source of synonymy)
Isosyllis armoricana (Claparède, 1863) accepted as Syllis variegata Grube, 1860 (source of synonymy)
Langerhansia Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Syllis Lamarck, 1818 (source of synonymy)
Langerhansia beneliahui Campoy, 1982 accepted as Syllis beneliahuae (Campoy, 1982) (source of synonymy)
Langerhansia cornuta (Rathke, 1843) accepted as Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (source of synonymy)
Langerhansia garciai Campoy, 1982 accepted as Syllis garciai (Campoy, 1982) (new combination reference)
Lycastis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Nereis incisa O. Fabricius, 1780 accepted as Syllis incisa (O. Fabricius, 1780) (source of synonymy)
Odontosyllis cucullata (McIntosh, 1908) (additional source)
Pionosyllis alternosetosa (Saint Joseph, 1886) accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Pionosyllis hyalina (Grube, 1863) accepted as Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Pionosyllis prolifera (Krohn, 1852) accepted as Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852 (source of synonymy)
Syllides longicirrata (Örsted, 1845) accepted as Syllides longocirratus (Örsted, 1845) (status source)
Syllides longocirratus (Örsted, 1845) (additional source)
Syllis (Ehlersia) cornuta Rathke, 1843 accepted as Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Ehlersia) ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881) accepted as Paraehlersia ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Ehlersia) simplex (Langerhans, 1879) accepted as Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Haplosyllis) Langerhans, 1879 accepted as Haplosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Haplosyllis) hamata Claparède, 1868 accepted as Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Haplosyllis) spongicola Grube, 1855 accepted as Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Langerhansia) Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Syllis Lamarck, 1818 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Langerhansia) cornuta Rathke, 1843 accepted as Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Langerhansia) ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881) accepted as Paraehlersia ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Syllis) gracilis Grube, 1840 accepted as Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) alternata kabilica Ben-Eliahu, 1977 accepted as Syllis kabilica Ben-Eliahu, 1977 (basis of record)
Syllis (Typosyllis) alternosetosa Saint Joseph, 1887 accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) amica Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) bouvieri Gravier, 1900 accepted as Syllis bouvieri Gravier, 1900 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) capensis McIntosh, 1885 accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) cirropunctata Michel, 1909 accepted as Branchiosyllis cirropunctata (Michel, 1909) (status source)
Syllis (Typosyllis) corallicoides Augener, 1922 accepted as Syllis corallicola Verrill, 1900 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) corallicola Verrill, 1900 accepted as Syllis corallicola Verrill, 1900 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) cornuta Rathke, 1843 accepted as Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) fasciata Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Syllis fasciata Malmgren, 1867 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) gerlachi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) accepted as Syllis gerlachi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) golfonovensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) accepted as Syllis golfonovensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) hyalina Grube, 1863 accepted as Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) krohni Ehlers, 1864 accepted as Syllis krohnii Ehlers, 1864 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) krohnii Ehlers, 1864 accepted as Syllis krohnii Ehlers, 1864 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) pulvinata (Langerhans, 1881) accepted as Syllis pulvinata (Langerhans, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) truncata cryptica Ben-Eliahu, 1977 accepted as Syllis gerlachi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) truncata mediterranea Ben-Eliahu, 1977 accepted as Syllis pulvinata (Langerhans, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata Grube, 1860 accepted as Syllis variegata Grube, 1860 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata variegata Cognetti, 1954 accepted as Syllis variegata Grube, 1860 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) vittata Grube, 1840 accepted as Syllis vittata Grube, 1840 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) vivipara Krohn, 1869 accepted as Syllis vivipara Krohn, 1869 (source of synonymy)
Syllis (Typosyllis) zonata (Haswell, 1886) accepted as Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852 (source of synonymy)
Syllis abyssicola Ehlers, 1874 (status source)
Syllis aesthetica Saint Joseph, 1887 accepted as Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866 (source of synonymy)
Syllis alternata Moore, 1908 (redescription)
Syllis alternosetosa Saint Joseph, 1886 accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866 (additional source)
Syllis armandi Claparède, 1864 accepted as Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852 (source of synonymy)
Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (redescription)
Syllis atlantica Cognetti, 1960 (status source)
Syllis atlantica lineata Cognetti, 1960 (status source)
Syllis bacilligera Claparède, 1868 (status source)
Syllis beneliahuae (Campoy, 1982) (redescription)
Syllis beneliahui (Campoy, 1982) accepted as Syllis beneliahuae (Campoy, 1982) (source of synonymy)
Syllis binocula (Czerniavsky, 1881) accepted as Syllis biocula (Czerniavsky, 1881) (source of synonymy)
Syllis biocula (Czerniavsky, 1881) (status source)
Syllis borealis Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Syllis bouvieri Gravier, 1900 (source of synonymy)
Syllis brachychaeta Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Syllis brachycirris Grube, 1857 accepted as Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 (source of synonymy)
Syllis brevicirrata McIntosh, 1908 (status source)
Syllis brevicollis Ehlers, 1874 (status source)
Syllis brevipennis (Grube, 1863) accepted as Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Syllis buskii McIntosh, 1908 accepted as Syllis vittata Grube, 1840 (source of synonymy)
Syllis caeca (Katzmann, 1973) (redescription)
Syllis caeca (Katzmann, 1973) (source of synonymy)
Syllis capensis McIntosh, 1885 accepted as Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) (source of synonymy)
Syllis catenula Verrill, 1900 accepted as Syllis corallicola Verrill, 1900 (source of synonymy)
 Distribution
 for Typosyllis truncata (Haswell, 1920)

See note for Syllis truncata [details]
 Type material
 for Syllis abyssicola Ehlers, 1874

Type material unavailable, probably lost, not located by Licher (1999: 304). [details]
 Validity
 for Syllis atlantica Cognetti, 1960

Nomen nudum et dubium (Possibly synonym of S. hyalina). [details]
 Validity
 for Syllis atlantica lineata Cognetti, 1960

Nomen nudum et dubium (Possibly synonym of S. variegata) [details]
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