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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Steenstrup, J. J. S. (1847). Gebirgsarten und Versteinerungen vom Museum der Kopenhagener Universität. <em>In: GA Michaelis & HF Scherk, Amtlicher Bericht über die 24. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Kiel 1846. Akademische Buchhandlung. Kiel.</em> p. 117–119. [details]
basis of record
Hess H. (2011). Cyrtocrinida. <em>In: Hess H, Messing CG, Ausich WI (Eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 Revised, Crinoidea, vol. 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.</em> 180–206. [details]
additional source
Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i>. 50: pp. 336-351. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Améziane, N.; Bourseau, J.-P.; Heinzeller, T.; Roux, M. (1999). Les genres <i>Cyathidium</i> et <i>Holopus</i> au sein des Cyrtocrinida (Crinoidea; Echinodermata). <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 33: 439–470, 9 fig. [details]
From editor or global species database
Diagnosis Holopodidae with entire animal reduced to a convex cap or rounded cone of variable height. First primibrachial (and sometimes also secundibrachial) series forming pentagonal vault closing over adoral surface. Arms reduced, not visible when coiled inward. Upper edge of cup more or less 5-sided, occupied by low and wide articulations for arms, meeting interradially or just separated by very small projections at interradial edge, continued and enlarged inward; in adults, forming thickened interradial structures in the radial cavity. Radial articular facet with straight, crenulate fulcral ridge, narrow and very deep aboral ligament pit; no distinct interarticular ligament fossae, adoral muscle fossae inward sloping. Neural canal of radials superficial or exposed. Arms composed of a proximal and a distal series of brachials; proximal series with 2 primibrachials that may be fused and are axillary, with first 10 secundibrachials forming protective vault over adoral side of cup and coiled distal brachials series. Stout first primibrachial and first secundibrachial meet laterally in flat joint facets with pattern of curved furrows. Adoral surface of first secundibrachial with narrow median ambulacral furrow to more or less inward directed articulation for small succeeding brachial, and side furrow to articulation of first pinnule near proximal, abradial edge of plate. Secundibrachial 2 and succeeding secundibrachials smaIl, corresponding to coiled part of arm. [details]
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