MarBEF Data System


WoRMS taxon details

Pennella Oken, 1815

135648  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:135648)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Arthropoda (Phylum)
  4. Crustacea (Subphylum)
  5. Multicrustacea (Superclass)
  6. Copepoda (Class)
  7. Neocopepoda (Infraclass)
  8. Podoplea (Superorder)
  9. Siphonostomatoida (Order)
  10. Pennellidae (Family)
  11. Pennella (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Pennella diodontis Oken, 1815 (type by monotypy)
Baculus Lubbock, 1860 · unaccepted (synonym)
Hessella Brady, 1883 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Lernaeopenna Blainville, 1822 · unaccepted (synonymy)
Lerneopenna Blainville, 1822 · unaccepted (synonym)
Penicillus Kumar & Hameed, 1993 · unaccepted (pre-occupied name for a Mollusk)

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  1. Species Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877
  2. Species Pennella benzi Hogans, 2017
  3. Species Pennella diodontis Oken, 1815
  4. Species Pennella exocoeti (Holten, 1802)
  5. Species Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
  6. Species Pennella hawaiiensis Kazachenko & Kurochkin, 1974
  7. Species Pennella instructa Wilson C.B., 1917
  8. Species Pennella makaira Hogans, 1988
  9. Species Pennella remorae Murray, 1856
  10. Species Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758)
  11. Species Pennella antarctica Quidor, 1913 accepted as Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877 (synonym according to Hogans (1987))
  12. Species Pennella anthonyi Quidor, 1913 accepted as Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877 (synonym according to Hogans (1987))
  13. Species Pennella balaenopterae Koren & Danielssen, 1877 accepted as Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877 (spelling)
  14. Species Pennella blainvillei (Lesueur, 1824) accepted as Pennella exocoeti (Holten, 1802) (synonym according to Wilson (1917))
  15. Species Pennella bocconii Lamartinière, 1798 accepted as Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym according to Wilson (1917) )
  16. Species Pennella brachiata (Blainville, 1822) accepted as Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym according to Wilson (1917) )
  17. Species Pennella cervicornis Heegaard, 1943 accepted as Pennella diodontis Oken, 1815 (Probable synonym according to Hogans (1988))
  18. Species Pennella cettei Quidor, 1913 accepted as Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877 (synonym according to Hogans (1987))
  19. Species Pennella charcoti Quidor, 1913 accepted as Pennella balaenoptera Koren & Danielssen, 1877 (synonym according to Hogans (1987))
  20. Species Pennella costai Richiardi, 1880 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  21. Species Pennella crassicornis Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym according to Hogans (1987))
  22. Species Pennella cylindrica (Brady, 1883) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  23. Species Pennella elongata (Lubbock, 1860) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  24. Species Pennella germonia Leigh-Sharpe, 1931 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym )
  25. Species Pennella gracilis (Costa, 1847) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  26. Species Pennella histiophori Thomson G.M., 1890 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Probable synonym according to Hogans (1988))
  27. Species Pennella holteni (Desmarest, 1825) accepted as Pennella exocoeti (Holten, 1802) (synonym according to Wilson (1917) )
  28. Species Pennella intricata (Costa, 1847) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  29. Species Pennella liouvillei Quidor, 1913 accepted as Pennella exocoeti (Holten, 1802) (Probable synonym according to Hogans (1988))
  30. Species Pennella orthagorisci Wright E.P., 1870 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
  31. Species Pennella oxyporhamphi Sebastian, 1966 accepted as Pennella longicauda Gnanamuthu, 1957
  32. Species Pennella plumosa De Kay, 1844 accepted as Pennella diodontis Oken, 1815 (synonym according to Kabata (1979))
  33. Species Pennella pustulosa Baird, 1847 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym according to Hogans (1988))
  34. Species Pennella rubra Brian, 1906 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brian (1912) re-evaluated the original designation and considered his P. rubra a synonym of P. filosa (Wilson 1917))
  35. Species Pennella sultana Milne-Edwards, 1840 accepted as Lernaeolophus sultanus (Milne Edwards, 1840) (synonym)
  36. Species Pennella tridentata Listowsky, 1892 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
  37. Species Pennella varians Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
  38. Species Pennella zeylanica Kirtisinghe, 1932 accepted as Pennella instructa Wilson C.B., 1917 (synonym according to Hogans (1988))
  39. Species Pennella biloba Kirtisinghe, 1932 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, according to Hogans, 1988)
  40. Species Pennella elegans Gnanamuthu, 1957 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, according to Hogans, 1988)
  41. Species Pennella incerta Brian, 1927 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, according to Hogans, 1988 (based on planktonic stages) )
  42. Species Pennella longicauda Gnanamuthu, 1957 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, according to Hogans, 1988)
  43. Species Pennella platycephalus Gnanamuthu, 1957 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, according to Hogans, 1988)
  44. Species Pennella robusta Gnanamuthu, 1957 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, according to Hogans, 1988)
  45. Species Pennella selaris Kirtisinghe, 1964 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403 [details] OpenAccess publication
Taxonomic remark This review of Pennella suggests that 15 of 44 reported species exhibit unique and distinct characteristics and are...  
Taxonomic remark This review of Pennella suggests that 15 of 44 reported species exhibit unique and distinct characteristics and are substantiated, or are potentially valid members of the genus. Six species (P. elegans, P. longicauda, P. platycephalus, P. robusta) described from single specimens on flyingfish (Gnanamuthu 1957), P. selaris from trevally (Kirtisinghe 1964) described from two specimens (one immature and one apparent adult) and P. remorae (also described from a single specimen), are now included in this group although no type material, or any other specimens exist. We have only the original descriptions and figures, which indicate that the mature parasites exhibited unique characters, to consider the species as valid. Additional specimens of these six species are required to discover the true nature of each.

One objective of this present review has been to define a set of characters which can be effectively used to differentiate species of Pennella. Wilson (1917) had previously indicated in his discussion on the taxonomy of Pennella: “scarcely any two authors have described their species similarly”. If species of previously documented Pennella had been treated in a similar manner, with descriptions based on a consistent set of differentiating characters, the confusion in the taxonomy of the genus would be much reduced. It would be useful to incorporate those characters which are now suggested for distinguishing species into any future descriptions of new Pennella. The salient morphological features useful for differentiating species are the parasite size, cephalothoracic papillae shape and configuration, segmentation of the first and second antenna, holdfast horn number and arrangement, and abdominal plume structure. The non-morphological character based on host type is also useful. For Pennella, the key to confident assessment of any species is the application of defined character states to multiple specimens.

In the present review, the alignment of species groups by size is amended from previous assessments, there are four large species (>100 mm): P. balaenoptera, P. benzi sp. nov., P. filosa and P. instructa; 3 species are intermediate in size (50–100 mm): P. hawaiiensis, P. remorae and P. robusta and eight are small species (<50mm):

P. diodontis, P. elegans, P. exocoeti, P. longicauda, P. makaira , P. platycephalus, P. sagitta, and P. selaris.

Species grouping and diversity based on the host type is evident: P. balaenoptera is parasitic on marine mammals, P. filosa is a parasite of large pelagic fish (billfish, tunas, ocean sunfish, amberjack, and dolphinfish), P. benzi sp. nov. occurs on escolars, P. hawaiiensis occurs on boarfish, P. instructa is found on swordfish and sailfish,

P. remorae parasitizes remoras, P. exocoeti, P. elegans, P. longicauda, P. elegans and P. platycephalus are parasites of several species of flyingfish, Pennella makaira is found on blue marlin, P. diodontis is found on porcupine fish,

P. selaris parasitizes the blackfin trevally and P. sagitta infests frogfish. Species richness and diversity of the genus is re-affirmed; based on this current review using external morphology and phenotypic characters to define species, it is suggested that there are a variety of Pennella species which exhibit a wide range of shapes and sizes, and type of hosts infested.

If Pennella was subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis some confusion as to what defines a legitimate species could be eliminated. Castro-Romero et al. (2016) documented morphological variability in cephalothorax and holdfast structures between specimens of single species of three pennellid genera (Peniculus Nordmann, 1832, Metapeniculus Castro-Romero & Baeza-Kuroki, 1985, and Trifur Wilson, 1917) based on DNA barcoding; this method when applied to Pennella may show similar results. It would be very useful to determine the polyphyletic distribution within Pennella based on host designation as this could indicate if there are  [details]
Walter, T.C.; Boxshall, G. (2024). World of Copepods Database. Pennella Oken, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135648 on 2024-11-21
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Boxshall, Geoff
2006-09-27 07:06:07Z
changed
Martinez, Olga
2008-08-06 13:32:15Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad
2011-04-05 08:08:50Z
changed
Boxshall, Geoff
2020-10-26 12:27:51Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Baculus Lubbock, 1860) Lubbock, J. (1860-1862). On some oceanic Entomostraca collected by Captain Toynbee. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.</em> 23(1):173-191, pl. 29. [ this paper is include in the volume date of 1862]., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1860.tb00129.x [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Hessella Brady, 1883) Brady, G.S. (1883). Report on the Copepoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76, Zoology.</em> 8 (part 23): 1-142, pl. 1-55., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39439478#page/1/mode/1up [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Lernaeopenna Blainville, 1822) Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1822). Mémoire sur les Lernées (Lernaea, Lin.). Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, Paris 95:372-380, 437-447, pl. 1. [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Lerneopenna Blainville, 1822) Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1822). Mémoire sur les Lernées (Lernaea, Lin.). Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, Paris 95:372-380, 437-447, pl. 1. [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Penicillus Kumar & Hameed, 1993) Kumar, K.A. & M.S. Hameed. (1993). A new genus of the family Pennellidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on elasmobranchs in the southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 35(1-2):198-200. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

basis of record Boxshall, G. (2001). Copepoda (excl. Harpacticoida), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 252-268 (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. <em>[Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone].</em> , available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details] 

additional source Wilson, C.B. (1917). North American parasitic copepods belonging to the Lernaeidae with a revision of the entire family. <em>Proceedings of the United States National Museum.</em> 53(2194):1-150, pls. 1-21. (13-vi-1917).
page(s): 106-112 [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Kabata, Z. (1979). Parasitic Copepoda of British Fishes. <em>The Ray Society, London.</em> 152: i-xii, 1-468, figs. 1-203. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Kabata, Z. (1988). Copepoda and Brachiura. In: Margolis, L. & Z. Kabata (eds.). Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part II. Crustacea. Canadian Special Publication in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 101:3-127, figs. 1-53. (French summary). [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Lutken, C.F. (1893). Slaegten Baculus Lubbock, et Udviklingstrin af Pennella. [The genus Baculus Lubbock, a developmental stage of Pennella.]. <em>Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistoriske Forening, Copenhagen.</em> (5)4:73-76. [details] 

additional source Pillai, N.K. (1985). Copepod Parasites of Marine Fishes. <em>In: The Fauna of India. Zoological Society of India, Calcutta.</em> 900pp., figs. 1-279.
page(s): 740 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Quidor, A. (1913). Copépodes Parasites. <em>In: Deuxième Expédition Antarctique Français (1908-1910). Sciences Naturelles, Documents Scientifiques.</em> (1908-1910): 197-214, pls. 1-4. [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Rose, M. (1941). Sur le mâle de Pennella. Copépode marin parasite des Poissons et des Cétacés. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie, Paris 135(17-18):1478-1479. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Rose, M. (1943). II. Description d'un mâle du genre Pennella Oken, 1815. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 83(1):22-33. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Hogans, W.E. (2017). Review of Pennella Oken, 1816 ( Copepoda: Pennellidae) with a description of Pennella benzi sp nov., a parasite of Escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Pisces) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 4244(1):1-38., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.1 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Suyama, S., Y. Masuda, T. Yanagimoto & S. Chow. (2019). Genetic and morphological variation in Pennella sp. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) collected from Pacific saury, Cololabis saira. Marine Biodiversity, 49(3):1233-1245., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0901-x [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Heldt, J.H. (1952). Note sur un male de Pennella (Copépoda parasite). <em>Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Tunisie.</em> 5:169-170. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Suyama, S., T. Yanagimoto, K. Nakai, T. Tamura, K. Shiozaki, S. Ohsimo & S. Chow. (2021). A taxonomic revision of Pennella Oken, 1815 based on morphology and genetics (Copepods: Siphonostomatoida: Pennellidae). <em>Journal of Crustacean Biology.</em> 41(3):1-12., available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruab040 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Mugetti, D., E. Colombino, V. Menconi, F. Garibaldi, W. Mignone, A. Gustinelli, M. Prearo, F. Guarda & M.T. Capucchio. (2021). Unusual localization of Pennella sp. in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) hearts. <em>Animals.</em> 11(6):1-5. Jun 2021., available online at https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061757 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Taxonomic remark This review of Pennella suggests that 15 of 44 reported species exhibit unique and distinct characteristics and are substantiated, or are potentially valid members of the genus. Six species (P. elegans, P. longicauda, P. platycephalus, P. robusta) described from single specimens on flyingfish (Gnanamuthu 1957), P. selaris from trevally (Kirtisinghe 1964) described from two specimens (one immature and one apparent adult) and P. remorae (also described from a single specimen), are now included in this group although no type material, or any other specimens exist. We have only the original descriptions and figures, which indicate that the mature parasites exhibited unique characters, to consider the species as valid. Additional specimens of these six species are required to discover the true nature of each.

One objective of this present review has been to define a set of characters which can be effectively used to differentiate species of Pennella. Wilson (1917) had previously indicated in his discussion on the taxonomy of Pennella: “scarcely any two authors have described their species similarly”. If species of previously documented Pennella had been treated in a similar manner, with descriptions based on a consistent set of differentiating characters, the confusion in the taxonomy of the genus would be much reduced. It would be useful to incorporate those characters which are now suggested for distinguishing species into any future descriptions of new Pennella. The salient morphological features useful for differentiating species are the parasite size, cephalothoracic papillae shape and configuration, segmentation of the first and second antenna, holdfast horn number and arrangement, and abdominal plume structure. The non-morphological character based on host type is also useful. For Pennella, the key to confident assessment of any species is the application of defined character states to multiple specimens.

In the present review, the alignment of species groups by size is amended from previous assessments, there are four large species (>100 mm): P. balaenoptera, P. benzi sp. nov., P. filosa and P. instructa; 3 species are intermediate in size (50–100 mm): P. hawaiiensis, P. remorae and P. robusta and eight are small species (<50mm):

P. diodontis, P. elegans, P. exocoeti, P. longicauda, P. makaira , P. platycephalus, P. sagitta, and P. selaris.

Species grouping and diversity based on the host type is evident: P. balaenoptera is parasitic on marine mammals, P. filosa is a parasite of large pelagic fish (billfish, tunas, ocean sunfish, amberjack, and dolphinfish), P. benzi sp. nov. occurs on escolars, P. hawaiiensis occurs on boarfish, P. instructa is found on swordfish and sailfish,

P. remorae parasitizes remoras, P. exocoeti, P. elegans, P. longicauda, P. elegans and P. platycephalus are parasites of several species of flyingfish, Pennella makaira is found on blue marlin, P. diodontis is found on porcupine fish,

P. selaris parasitizes the blackfin trevally and P. sagitta infests frogfish. Species richness and diversity of the genus is re-affirmed; based on this current review using external morphology and phenotypic characters to define species, it is suggested that there are a variety of Pennella species which exhibit a wide range of shapes and sizes, and type of hosts infested.

If Pennella was subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis some confusion as to what defines a legitimate species could be eliminated. Castro-Romero et al. (2016) documented morphological variability in cephalothorax and holdfast structures between specimens of single species of three pennellid genera (Peniculus Nordmann, 1832, Metapeniculus Castro-Romero & Baeza-Kuroki, 1985, and Trifur Wilson, 1917) based on DNA barcoding; this method when applied to Pennella may show similar results. It would be very useful to determine the polyphyletic distribution within Pennella based on host designation as this could indicate if there are  [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Japanese ヒジキムシ属  [details]
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Baculus Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Baculus Lubbock, 1860)
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Hessella Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Hessella Brady, 1883)
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Lernaeopenna Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Lernaeopenna Blainville, 1822)
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Pennella Document hosted within WoRMS 
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Baculus Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Baculus Lubbock, 1860)
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Hessella Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Hessella Brady, 1883)
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Lerneopenna Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Lerneopenna Blainville, 1822)
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Penicillus Document hosted within WoRMS (from synonym Penicillus Kumar & Hameed, 1993)
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Pennella Document hosted within WoRMS 
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Penicillus) (from synonym Penicillus Kumar & Hameed, 1993)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Penicillus) (from synonym Penicillus Kumar & Hameed, 1993)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Pennella) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Pennella) 
To Genbank 
To Genbank 
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 030291) 
To ITIS
Unreviewed
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 030291)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 030291)
Hosted externally
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