NARMS (2024). Melanitta nigra americana (Swainson, 1832). Accessed at: https://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=366593 on 2024-03-29
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2024). European Register of Marine Species. Melanitta nigra americana (Swainson, 1832). Accessed at: http://marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=366593 on 2024-03-29