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WoRMS taxon details
original description
(of Actinia prolifera Sars, 1835) Sars, M. (1835). Beskrivelser og Iagttagelser over nogle moerkelige eller nye i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst levende Dyr af Polypernes, Acalephernes, Radiaternes, Annelidernes og Molluskernes classer, med en kort Oversigt over de hidtil af Forfatteren sammesteds fundne Arter og deres Forekommen. Thorstein Hallagers Forlag hos Chr. Dahl, R.S., Bergen, xii + 81 pp. + 15 pls., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13017
page(s): 11-13 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record
van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. <em>John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London.</em> 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
Sebens, K.P. 1998. Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States. Anthozoa, Actinaria, Corallimorparia, Ceriantharia, and Zoanthidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 141. 68 p. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312.
page(s): 300-301 [details]
additional source
Grieg, J.A., 1913. Bidrag til kundskapen om Hardangerfjordens fauna. Bergens Mus. Arb. 1913 1: 1-147.
page(s): 4, 143 [details]
additional source
Östman, C., 2000. A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. In: C.E. Mills, F. Boero, A. Migotto & J.M. Gili, eds., Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Sci. Mar. 64 (Supl. 1): 31-46.
page(s): 32, 37 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1921). Actiniaria I. <em>Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(9):1-241, figs. 1-210, pls. 1-4., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19695128
page(s): 4-5 [details]
additional source
Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672.
page(s): 609 [details]
additional source
Pax, F. (1936). Anthozoa. In: G. Grimpe & E. Wagler (eds.). Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee. Bd. IIIe. Akad. Verlagsges., Becker & Erler, Leipzig. 317 pp.
page(s): 88 [details]
additional source
Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. <em>The Ray Society. London.</em> pp. 426.
page(s): 25-28 [details]
additional source
Andres, A. (1884). Le attinie. Volume primo, contente bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81386
page(s): 366 [details]
additional source
Norrbin, F. & U. Båmstedt. (1984). Energy contents in benthic and planktonic invertebrates of Kosterfjorden, Sweden. A comparison of energetic strategies in marine organism groups. <em>Ophelia.</em> 23(1): 47-64., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00785236.1984.10426604
page(s): 50 [details]
additional source
Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. <em>London: Academic Press.</em> 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
page(s): 92-93 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1893). Studien über Nordische Actinien. <em>K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. XXV, No. 10. Stockholm.</em>
page(s): 31-36 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar.</em> 1: 1–121.
page(s): 18 [details]
additional source
Verrill, A. E. (1899). Descriptions of imperfectly known and new actinians, with critical notes on other species. American Journal of Science, 7: 41-50, 143-146, 205-218, 375-380
page(s): 377 [details]
additional source
Sars M. (1851). Beretning om i Sommeren 1849 Fortagen Zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. <em>Nyt Magazin Naturvidenskaberne.</em> 6(2):121–211., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8152707
page(s): 142-143 [details] 
additional source
den Hartog, J. C.; Ocaña, O.; Brito, A. (1993). Corallimorpharia collected during the CANCAP expeditions (1976-1986) in the south-eastern part of the North Atlantic. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 282, 3-76
page(s): 67 [details]
additional source
Andres, A. (1883). Le Attinie (Monografia). Coi Tipi der Salviucci. Roma., volume 1 (Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia), pp. 460.
page(s): 366 [details]
additional source
Dixon, A. F.; Dixon, G. Y. (1889). Notes on Bunodes thallia, Bunodes verrucosa, and Telia crassicornis. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, 6, N.S., 6, 310-326
page(s): 323 [details]
additional source
Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On methods of reproduction as specific characters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 131-172
page(s): 158 [details]
additional source
Sebens, K. P. (1998). Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle., volume 141, pp. 1-67
page(s): 10, 37, 49 [details]
additional source
Mathew, K. (1979). Studies on the biology of a sea anemone, Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill) from the south west coast of India. Bulletin of the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin, 10, 75-158
page(s): 134 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1940). A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 51, N.F., (3): 1-62
page(s): 6, 17-19 [details]
additional source
Danielssen, D. C.; Koren, J. (1856). Nye Actinier [Actinies nouvelles]. Fr. D. Beyer. Bergen., volume 2, pp. 87-90
page(s): 87 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1959). Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria with description of a new genus and species from Peru. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-49 38. Arkiv für Zoologi, 71, N.F., (6): 1-38
page(s): 10, 34 [details]
additional source
Haddon, A. C. (1889). A revision of the British Actiniae. Part I. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 4, 2, 297-361
page(s): 340-343, 352 [details]
additional source
McMurrich, J. P. (1901). Contributions on the morphology of the Actinozoa VI. Halcurias pilatus and Endocoelactis. Biological Bulletin, 2(4): 155-163
page(s): 155 [details]
additional source
Collings, D. W. (1938). The Actiniaria of Suffolk (sea-anemones). Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society, IV, 25-28
page(s): 25 [details]
additional source
Stephenson, T. A. (1928). The British Sea Anemones. Volume I. The Ray Society. London., volume 1, pp. 148.
page(s): 109 [details]
additional source
Schmidt, H. (1970). Anthopleura stellula (Actiniaria, Actiniidae) and its reproduction by transverse fission. Marine Biology, 5, 245-255
page(s): 251 [details]
additional source
Pax, F. (1915). Hexacorallien der Murmanküste. Travaux de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Petrograd, 44(4): 167-180
page(s): 169 [175-176] [details]
additional source
Pei, Z. (1998). Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea. Science Press. Beijing., pp. 286.
page(s): 61, 228 [details]
additional source
Picton, B. E. (1985). Anthozoans (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) new to Ireland and new records of some rarely recorded species. Irish Naturalists' Journal, 21(11): 484-488
page(s): 486 [details]
additional source
Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1995). Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 9-18
page(s): 9 [details]
additional source
Sebens, K. P.; Paine, R. T. (1978). Biogeography of anthozoans along the west coast of South America: habitat, disturbance, and prey availability. N. Z. D. S. I. R. Auckland, New Zealand., volume 1, pp. 219-237
page(s): 4, 9, 11 [details]
additional source
Uchida, H.; Soyama, I. (2001). Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS. Japan., pp. 157.
page(s): 16, 151, 153 [details]
additional source
Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A.; Zamponi, M. O. (1997). Commented list of the Mediterranean Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Anthozoa). Acta Adriatica, 38(1): 65-70
page(s): 66, 67 [details]
additional source
Delphy, J. (1938). Les actinies athénaires (Actiniaria Athenaria) de la faune Française. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 10, 2, 619-622
page(s): 619 [details]
additional source
Loukmidou, S.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A. (1997). Inventaire du cnidome des actiniaires et corallimorphaires de Mediterranee (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Bios, 4, 63-114
page(s): 68, 108 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1945). Polypdyr (Coelenterata) III. Koraldyr. Danmarks Fauna Udgivet af Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 51, 3-167
page(s): 95, 156 [details]
additional source
Cappola, V. A.; Fautin, D. G. (2000). All three species of Ptychodactiaria belong to order Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80, 995-1005
page(s): 1001 [details]
additional source
Lawn, I. D.; Ross, D. M. (1982). The behavioural physiology of the swimming sea anemone Boloceroides mcmurrichi. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 216, 315-334
page(s): 316-317 [details]
additional source
Scott, A.; Harrison, P. L. (2008). Larval settlement and juvenile development of sea anemones that provide habitat for anemonefish. Marine Biology, 154(5): 833-839
page(s): 877 [details]
additional source
Grebel'nyi, S. D. (2001). Hexacorallia. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 51(59): 36-38
page(s): 37 [details]
additional source
Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2010). Actiniaria - sea anemones. pp. 215-266
page(s): 221, 223, 228, 230, 231 [details]
additional source
Excoffon, A. C.; Zamponi, M. O. (1995). The reproductive biology of Tricnidactis errans (Actiniaria, Haliplanellidae) from rocky shore of Mar del Plata (Argentina). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 36, 175-179
page(s): 178 [details]
additional source
Okada, Y. K.; Komori, S. (1932). Reproduction asexuelle d'une actinie (Boloceroides) et sa régénération aux dépens d'un tentacule. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de Belgique, 66, 164-199
page(s): 193 [details]
additional source
Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45
page(s): 37, 38, 39, 42, 43 [details]
additional source
Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706
page(s): 697 [details]
additional source
Andres, A. (1883). Le Attinie. Atti dell' Accademia de Lincei, 14, 3, Memorie, 211-673
page(s): 570, 574 [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Nontype NHM B1082, geounit Chilean Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unreviewed
Diet Generally, anthozoans are primarly carnivorous which prey on sea urchins, gastropods, bivalves, or crustaceans that crawl or swim into their grasp. [details]
Distribution European arctic to Maine [details]
Habitat sandy, muddy, or rocky habitats; also may attached themselves to hard parts or products of other organisms (shells) [details]
Reproduction reproduce asexually through longitudinal fission and sexually (protandric hermaphrodites) [details]
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