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MarBEF Data System |
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WoRMS taxon details
original description
(of Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen, 1904) Paulsen, O. (1904). Plankton investigations in the waters round Iceland in 1903. <em>Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser, Serie: Plankton, København.</em> 1(1): 1-41, figs. 1-12, Maps 1-2. [details] 
original description
(of Pyrodinium phoneus Woloszynskia & Conrad, 1939) Woloszynska, J.; Conrad, W. (1939). <i>Pyrodinium phoneus</i>, n. sp., agent de la toxicité des moules du canal maritime de Bruges à Zeebrugge [<i>Pyrodinium phoneus</i>, n. sp., toxic agent in mussels from the sea channel Brugge-Zeebrugge]. <i>Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg./Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg. 15(46)</i>: 1-5 (look up in IMIS) [details]
original description
(of Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen, 1985) Balech, E.; Rojas, E. D. (1977). Un nuevo <i>Gonyaulax</i> productor de hemotalasia en Perú (Protozoa, Dinoflagellata). <em>Neotropica.</em> 23: 49-54. [details] Available for editors  [request]
context source (Introduced species)
Molnar, J.L., R.L. Gamboa, C. Revenga & M.D. Spalding. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. <em>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.</em> 6(9): 485-492., available online at https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/Pages/marineinvasives.aspx [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source
MacKenzie L., White D., Oshima Y. & Kapa J. 1996. The resting cyst and toxicity of <i>Alexandrium ostenfeldii</i> (Dinophyceae) in New Zealand. Phycologia 35: 148-155. [details]
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source
Brandt, S. (2001). Dinoflagellates, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 47-53 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Horner, R. A. (2002). A taxonomic guide to some common marine phytoplankton. <em>Biopress Ltd. Bristol.</em> 1-195. [details]
additional source
Martin, J. L.; LeGresley, M. M. ; Strain, P. M. (2001). Phytoplankton monitoring in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy during 1997-98. <em>Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2349.</em> 4: 1-85. [details]
additional source
Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source
Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216. [details]
additional source
Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details]
additional source
Tahvanainen, P.; Alpermann, T. J.; Figueroa, R. I.; John, U.; Hakanen, P.; Nagai, S.; Blomster, J.; Kremp, A. (2012). Patterns of post-glacial genetic differentiation in marginal populations of a marine microalga. <em>PLoS ONE.</em> 7(12): e53602., available online at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053602 [details]
source of synonymy
Kremp, A.; Tahvanainen, P.; Litaker, W.; Krock, B.; Suikkanen, S.; Leaw, C. P.; Tomas, C. (2013). Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the <i>Alexandrium ostenfeldii</i> (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities. <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 50(1): 81-100., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12134 [details]
source of synonymy
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
new combination reference
Balech E.& Tangen K. 1985. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae) Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii(Paulsen) comb. nov. Sarsia 70: 333-343. [details] Available for editors [request]
toxicology source
Hansen P.J., Cembella A.D. & Moestrup Ø. 1992. The marine dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium ostenfeldii</i>: paralytic shellfish toxin concentration, composition, and toxicity to a tintinnid ciliate. J. Phycol. 28: 597-603. [details]
toxicology source
Cembella A.D., Lewis N.I. & Quilliam M.A. 2000. The marine dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium ostenfeldii</i> (Dinophyceae) as the causative organism of spirolide shellfish toxins. Phycologia 39: 67-74. [details]
ecology source
Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography.</em> 28(4): 418-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12853 [details] Available for editors [request]
ecology source
Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]
ecology source
Jacobson, D. M.; Anderson, D. M. (1996). Widespread Phagocytosis of Ciliates and Other Protists By Marine Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Thecate Dinoflagellates. <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 32(2): 279-285., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00279.x [details] Available for editors [request]
ecology source
Tillmann, U.; Kremp, A.; Tahvanainen, P.; Krock, B. (2014). Characterization of spirolide producing Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) from the western Arctic. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 39: 259-270., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2014.08.008 [details]
From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:47212 [details]From regional or thematic species database
Description The cell is relatively large and not quite spherical. The epitheca is somewhat conic-convex, with regularly curved sides; the apical area either does not project or has a very slight relief. The hypotheca is hemispheric and approximately the same height as the epitheca; the antapical area may be somewhat obliquely flattened. The cingulum is either not excavated or only scarcely so and is descending (<1). The sulcus is slightly depressed and, therefore, almost not noticeable. As this species was described in detail by Balech and Tangen (1985), I will only give some complementary details, mostly based on the material from Spain (Galicia). In these specimens, the cingulum only descends about 0.3 cingulum height and has very narrow (1 μm wide) lists (1985 description specifies without lists). In some places, the lists have basal granules that represent incipient ribs (or radii of the lists). The S.s.p. is always wider anteriorly than posteriorly. It is more variable than the S.d.p. and frequently has an oblique longitudinal fold that can in part explain the plate variation. Also, the S.s.a. sometimes shows an oblique fold that crosses it. The largest specimens (L up to 56) usually have meagerly developed sutural bands. However, in the U.S.A. (Dockton, Washington), some very large specimens had wide sutural bands; these specimens were more elongated than the usual (the greatest measured L 71, A 64.5, Trd 57, DV 51). [details]
Harmful effect Two PSP-producing cultures were isolated in Denmark in 1992 (Hansen et al., 1992) but they were weakly toxic. One of these PSP-producing strains could be experimentally ingested by a Tintinnid ciliate (Favella ehrenbergi), provided that the cells of A. ostenfeldii are in concentrations <2000 cells ml-1 (Hansen et al., 1992). Transfer of toxins within the pelagic food chain is thus possible. Strains producing both SPX and STX or producing only STX or only SPX are equally encountered (Salgado et al., 2015). Strong variability in production of STXs exists, such as in New Zealand strains, which may be non-toxic, or producing only STX or only GTX3 and GTX5. Concerning the production of spirolides by A. ostenfeldii, the following analogues have been identified as algal metabolites: spirolides A, B, C and D, 13-desmethylspirolide C, 13,19-didesmethylspirolide C, 13-desmethylspirolide D and 20-methylspirolide G. Additionally, the following metabolites have been identified in shellfish by Hu et al. (1996): spirolides E and F (ring opening of the cyclic imines renders them biologically inactive). Also, fatty acid esters of 20-methylspirolide G have been identified in mussels from Norway by Aasen et al., 2005. The esterification does not inactivate the toxin but slows down the death in mice to several hours instead of several minutes. [details]
Identification The finding of inconsistent morphological and gradual genetic divergence of groups together with no evidence of CBCs indicating reproductive isolation, supports the interpretation that the A. ostenfeldii complex represents one species: A. ostenfeldii. Based on the inconsistencies of the A. peruvianum and G. dimorpha morphotype distributions it was proposed that A. peruvianum and G. dimorpha should be discontinued as species names and treated as synonyms of A. ostenfeldii. [details]
Introduced species impact in Romanian part of the Black Sea : Human health [details]
Introduced species impact in Scandinavia (General Region) : Human health [details]
Verified sequences Strain AOIS4 (Tahvanainen et al. 2012; Kremp et al. 2014):
SSU rDNA KJ361990
LSU rDNA JX841307
ITS/5.8S/ITS2/LSU rDNA JX841281
[details]Unreviewed
Diet general for group: both heterotrophic (eat other organisms) and autotrophic (photosynthetic) [details]
Habitat pelagic [details]
Importance General: known for producing dangerous toxins, particularly when in large numbers, called "red tides" because the cells are so abundant they make water change color. Also they can produce non-fatal or fatal amounts of toxins in predators (particularly shellfish) that may be eaten by humans. [details]
Predators marine microorganisms and animal larvae [details]
Reproduction general for group: both sexual and asexual [details]
Published in AlgaeBase  (from synonym Gessnerium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich & Loeblich III, 1979)
Published in AlgaeBase
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax dimorpha Biecheler, 1952)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax globosa (Braarud) Balech, 1971)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Heteraulacus ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich III, 1970)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen, 1904)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Triadinium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) J.D.Dodge, 1981)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax tamarensis var. globosa Braarud, 1945)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Pyrodinium phoneus Woloszynskia & Conrad, 1939)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Protogonyaulax ostenfeldii (Paulsen) S.Fraga & F.J.Sánchez, 1985)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Protogonyaulax globosa (Braarud) F.R.Taylor, 1979)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax trygvei Parke, 1976)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen, 1985)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Glenodinium ostenfeldii Paulsen, 1903)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Paulsen, 1949)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax phoneus (Woloszynsky & Conrad) Loeblich & Loeblich)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Goniaulux ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Paulsen, 1949)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Goniaulux tamarensis var. globosa Braarud, 1945)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Protogonyaulax phoneus (Woloszynska & Conrad) F.J.R.Taylor, 1979)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Protogonyaulax dimorpha (Biecheler) F.J.R. Taylor, 1979)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Gonyaulax peruviana E.Balech & B.R.E. de Mendiola, 1977)
To Barcode of Life
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Gessnerium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich & Loeblich III, 1979)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen, 1904)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Heteraulacus ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich III, 1970)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen, 1985)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Gonyaulax trygvei Parke, 1976)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Protogonyaulax globosa (Braarud) F.R.Taylor, 1979)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Triadinium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) J.D.Dodge, 1981)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Pyrodinium phoneus Woloszynskia & Conrad, 1939)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (5 publications) (from synonym Gonyaulax globosa (Braarud) Balech, 1971)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Alexandrium ostenfeldii)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Alexandrium peruvianum) (from synonym Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen, 1985)
To GenBank (14815 nucleotides; 62 proteins) (from synonym Triadinium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) J.D.Dodge, 1981)
To GenBank (14815 nucleotides; 62 proteins) (from synonym Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen, 1904)
To GenBank (14815 nucleotides; 62 proteins)
To GenBank (36 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen, 1985)
To GenBank (36 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Gonyaulax peruviana E.Balech & B.R.E. de Mendiola, 1977)
To PESI (from synonym Triadinium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) J.D.Dodge, 1981)
To PESI (from synonym Pyrodinium phoneus Woloszynskia & Conrad, 1939)
To PESI (from synonym Gonyaulax tamarensis var. globosa Braarud, 1945)
To PESI
To PESI (from synonym Gessnerium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich & Loeblich III, 1979)
To PESI (from synonym Gonyaulax globosa (Braarud) Balech, 1971)
To PESI (from synonym Gonyaulax dimorpha Biecheler, 1952)
To PESI (from synonym Heteraulacus ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich III, 1970)
To PESI (from synonym Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen, 1904)
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Unreviewed
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