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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Daudin, François Marie. (1800). Receuil de mémoires et de notes sur des espèces inédites ou peu connues de Mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes. xviii & 19-50. Fuchs & Treuttel et Wurtz. Paris., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96153
page(s): 37 [details]
original description
(of Spirorbis Lamarck, 1801) Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris: viii + 432 pp., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14117719
page(s): 326; note: The associated species is: "Spirorbis nautiloïdes. n. Serpula spirorbis Lin." [details] 
additional source
Glasby, Christopher J.; Read, Geoffrey B.; Lee, Kenneth E.; Blakemore, R.J.; Fraser, P.M.; Pinder, A.M.; Erséus, C.; Moser, W.E.; Burreson, E.M.; Govedich, F.R.; Davies, R.W.; Dawson, E.W. (2009). Phylum Annelida: bristleworms, earthworms, leeches. <em>[Book chapter].</em> Chapt 17, pp. 312-358. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, <i>in</i>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 214-231. (look up in IMIS)
note: checklisting [details]
additional source
Brunel, P., L. Bosse & G. Lamarche. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126.</em> 405 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Day, J. H. (1967). [Sedentaria] A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. British Museum (Natural History), London. pp. 459–842., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8596 [details]
From editor or global species database
Description Here is the original description of Daudin (1800): "GENRE SPIRORBE. SPIRORBIS. Caractère generIque. Coquille discoïde, régulière , à ouverture sub-orbiculaire, et toujours adhérente aux substances marines. Ce genre, quoique voisin des Planorbes par la forme de sa coquille plus comprimée dans le centre, appartient cependant à la sous-division des vers à tuyaux, au moins l'espèce nommée par Linné serpula spirorbis , parce qu'elle renferme une véritable amphytrite à quatre plumules attachées contre la base d'un tentacule bifide , suivant le citoyen Bosc. Les trois espèces suivantes , deja connues , sont toujours fixées après les coraux , les coquilles , les fucus , les algues et autres substances marines."
[Translation: "SPIRORBE GENUS. Spirorbis. Generic character. Discoid shell, regular, with sub-orbicular opening, and always adherent to marine substances. This genus, though close to the Planorbes by the shape of its more compressed shell in the center, belongs, however, to the sub-division of pipe-worms, at least the species named by Linnea Serpula spirorbis, because it contains a true amphytrite. four plumules tied against the base of a bifid tentacle, according to the citizen Bosc. The following three species, already known, are always fixed after [on] corals, shells, fucus, algae and other marine substances."
[details]
Etymology Not stated. Spirorbis is a compound modified from Latin 'spira' (twisted) and 'orbis' (circle). As orbis is masculine, thus Spirorbis is masculine. [details]
Grammatical gender Masculine, as orbis is masculine. Two of the names created by Daudin had masculine endings, namely carinatus and transversus, and borealis (northern), his name for Spirorbis spirorbis, appears to have the same ending for both masculine and feminine applications. Most subequent authors have treated Spirorbis as a masculine name. [details]
Type species The type species of Spirorbis is Serpula spirorbis Linnaeus, 1758 by absolute tautonymy (Code article 68.4, and see Bieler & Petit 2011: 19). However, the determination is confused in the prior literature. It cannot be Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800 as that name, whether valid or not, is junior to Spirorbis spirorbis (originally Serpula spirorbis). Importantly, Spirorbis borealis is not a distinct species, rather it is Daudin's name for Serpula spirorbis. However, the type species of Spirorbis has been often given as Spirorbis borealis, such as in the Hartman catalogue (1959: 601), in the book on Arctic Serpulidae of Rzhavsky et al (2014: 133), and in the spirorbin monograph of Vine (1977: 9) who states that "Daudin established the genus Spirorbis with S. borealis as the type-species", although that statement is not correct.
Spirorbis borealis was first introduced as a name when Daudin named and briefly described Spirorbis genus, but there Daudin (1800: 37) stated he included three species already known, and then listed three pairs of names with the new Spirorbis combination listed first in each pair. Two of these were unexceptionable recombinations from Linnaean (1758) Serpula names with the species epithet unchanged (Spirorbis planorbis and Spirorbis spirillum), but the third was Spirorbis borealis, a changed (novel) name from the original of Serpula spirorbis Linnaeus. This looks like a superfluous new name for the species of Linnaeus, perhaps because Daudin did not want to use the tautonymous combination of "Spirorbis spirorbis". As an unnecessary renaming it would be invalid, alhough the name would possibly be available. Daudin also added two further species in the same work later on page 48, but he does not state a type species (an action not to be expected at that date) thus the type determination, if it was not already decided by applying Code article 68.4, would need to be a subsequent one from amongst the valid Spirorbis names of Daudin. Subsequent designation of S. borealis would be invalid, as the name is both invalid as superfluous and as junior to the Linnaean name. [details]
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