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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 38 [details] Available for editors  [request]
original description
(of Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors [request]
context source (BeRMS 2020)
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). European Seabirds at Sea - data collected by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). INBO Seabird distribution data (all trips). [details]
basis of record
Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. <em>In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp.</em> 723--743., available online at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ [details]
additional source
van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 375-376 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]
additional source
Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 64:1-306. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Waring, G.T., J.M. Quintal and C.P. Fairfield (eds.). 2002. U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico marine mammal dtock assessments, 2002. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS- NE- 169. 318 p. [details]
additional source
Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (1993). Mammal species of the world. <em>Smithsonian Institution Press.</em> , available online at http://vertebrates.si.edu/mammals/msw/ [details]
additional source
Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details] 
Unreviewed
Biology Harbour seals are good swimmers. The pinipeds serve as rudder. The body and back pinnipeds cause propulsion. The seal is highly adapted to speed with its torpedo-like body and pinna. Observations made from ships revealed that they generally swim just 10 m beneath the water surface and that only rarely will they hunt under –20 m.
Young harbour seals are born on tide-sandbanks between the end of June and mid July, and are required, almost immediately (during high-tide) to be able to swim.
In general, harbour seals feed on benthic fish (such as flounder, sole, cod and whiting), but they must largely be quite opportunistic in regard to what they eat. They may also feed on mussels, crabs and cephalopods. [details]
Diet Fish, crustaceans, squid [details]
Dimensions Length: 170 cm (5'6"); Weight: 155kg (250 lb) [details]
Distribution North America [details]
Habitat nearshore waters of the Atlantic Ocean and adjoining seas above about 30 degrees latitude [details]
Habitat temperate to polar [details]
Importance They are considered pests to most fishing practices, especially herring weirs and Atlantic Salmon aquaculture sites. [details]
Morphology Distinguishing Characteristics: small in size in relation to seals, dog-like face, v-shaped nostrils, colour varies from white to tan to dark brown to red (molttled): [details]
Morphology Harbour seals can reach up to 1.6 m in length and weigh about 120 kilos. Their colour varies from grey to brown with black marks. A characteristic feature is their V-shaped nostrils. [details]
Reproduction Pupping: May-June on rocky ledges. Precocious, swimming shortly after birth; Weaning: ~ 1 month [details]
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