NARMS (2024). Melanitta nigra americana (Swainson, 1832). Accessed at: https://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=366593 on 2024-04-24
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2024). European Register of Marine Species. Melanitta nigra americana (Swainson, 1832). Accessed at: https://marbef.org/data../aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=366593 on 2024-04-24