Steidinger K.A., Burkholder J.M., Glasgow H.B. Jr., Hobbs C.W., Carrett J.K., Truby E.W., Noga E.J. & Smith S.A. 1996. Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. (Pfiesteriaceae fam. nov.), a new toxic dinoflagellate with a complex life cycle and behavior. J. Phycol. 32: 157-164.[details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & J.M.Burkholder, 1996. Accessed through: Costello, M. J.; Ahyong, S.; Bieler, R.; Boudouresque, C.; Desiderato, A.; Downey, R.; Galil, B. S.; Gollasch, S.; Hutchings, P.; Kamburska, L.; Katsanevakis, S.; Kupriyanova, E.; Lejeusne, C.; Ma, K. C. K.; Marchini, A.; Occhipinti, A.; Pagad, S.; Pino, L.; Poore, G. C. B.; Rewicz, T.; Rius, M.; Robinson, T. B.; Sobczyk, R.; Stepien, A.; Turon, X.; Valls Domedel, G.; Verleye, T.; Vieira, L. M.; Willan, R. C.; Zhan, A. (2025) World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS) at: https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246598 on 2025-05-07
Costello, M. J.; Ahyong, S.; Bieler, R.; Boudouresque, C.; Desiderato, A.; Downey, R.; Galil, B. S.; Gollasch, S.; Hutchings, P.; Kamburska, L.; Katsanevakis, S.; Kupriyanova, E.; Lejeusne, C.; Ma, K. C. K.; Marchini, A.; Occhipinti, A.; Pagad, S.; Pino, L.; Poore, G. C. B.; Rewicz, T.; Rius, M.; Robinson, T. B.; Sobczyk, R.; Stępień, A.; Turon, X.; Valls Domedel, G.; Verleye, T.; Vieira, L. M.; Willan, R. C.; Zhan, A. (2025). World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & J.M.Burkholder, 1996. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced./aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246598 on 2025-05-07
original descriptionSteidinger K.A., Burkholder J.M., Glasgow H.B. Jr., Hobbs C.W., Carrett J.K., Truby E.W., Noga E.J. & Smith S.A. 1996. Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. (Pfiesteriaceae fam. nov.), a new toxic dinoflagellate with a complex life cycle and behavior. J. Phycol. 32: 157-164.[details]
basis of recordGuiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online athttp://www.algaebase.org[details]
additional sourceBurkholder J.M., Glasgow H.B. & Hobbs C.W. 1995. Distribution and environmental conditions for fish kills linked to a toxic ambush-predator dinoflagellate: distribution and environmental conditions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 124: 43-61.[details]
additional sourceBurkholder J.M. & Glasgow H.B. 1997. Pfiesteria piscicida and other Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates: behavior, impacts, and environmental controls. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42: 1052-1075.[details]
additional sourceBurkholder J.M., Glasgow H.B. & Deamer-Helia N. 2001. Overview and present status of the toxic Pfiesteria complex (Dinophyceae). Phycologia 40: 186-214.[details]
additional sourceSteidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College[details]
additional sourceMoestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online athttp://www.marinespecies.org/HAB[details]
additional sourceBurkholder, J.M. & Marshall, H.G. 2012. Toxigenic Pfiesteria species - updates on biology, ecology, toxins, and impacts. Harmful Algae 14, 196-230, available online athttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.022[details]
ecology sourceLeles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Stoecker, D. K.; Hansen, P. J.; Calbet, A.; McManus, G. B.; Sanders, R. W.; Caron, D. A.; Not, F.; Hallegraeff, G. M.; Pitta, P.; Raven, J. A.; Johnson, M. D.; Glibert, P. M.; Våge, S. (2017). Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284(1860): 20170664., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0664[details] Available for editors
ecology sourceMitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 70(4)., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972[details]
ecology sourceLewitus, A.J.; Glasgow Jr, H.B.; Burkholder, J.M. (1999). Kleptoplastidy in the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology. 35(2): 303-312.[details]
ecology sourceBurkholder, J. M.; Glibert, P. M.; Skelton, H. M. (2008). Mixotrophy, a major mode of nutrition for harmful algal species in eutrophic waters. Harmful Algae. 8(1): 77-93., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.010[details]
ecology sourceJeong, H. J.; Kang, H. C.; Lim, A. S.; Jang, S. H.; Lee, K.; Lee, S. Y.; Ok, J. H.; You, J. H.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, K. H.; Park, S. A.; Eom, S. H.; Yoo, Y. D.; Kim, K. Y. (2021). Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance. Science Advances. 7(2)., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe4214[details]
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