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Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M. (1991). The Hydromedusae and water masses of the Indian Ocean. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr. 39(1): 25-60.
6376
Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M.
1991
The Hydromedusae and water masses of the Indian Ocean
Bolm Inst. Oceanogr.
39(1): 25-60
Publication
This analysis of distribution and abundance of species of Hydromedusae completes a report (Vannucci & Navas, 1973b) on the ecology of Indian Ocean Hydromedusae based on the zooplankton collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). Dis
This analysis of distribution and abundance of species of Hydromedusae completes a report (Vannucci & Navas, 1973b) on the ecology of Indian Ocean Hydromedusae based on the zooplankton collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). Distribution and abundance are taken here to be the ecological expression of variability of species in space and time. The aim was to identify the biological signature of below surface water masses that cannot be identified by remote sensing techniques. Selected species were taken as biological units, the oceanic water masses as defined by their T-S and T-O2 diagrammes were taken as the non biological units. Taken together they define different ecosystems of the Indian Ocean. About 45,000 specimens of hydromedusae taken at 480 stations were sorted from 900 plankton and all specimens were determined and counted. Several hauls, mostly stratified, were taken with closing nets, but not all contained hydromedusae. The distribution of each species was studied in relation to water salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen, the limits of ecological tolerance and preference were defined by the environmental characteristics of the layers sampled by the nets and are given for each species. These can be grouped as follows: 1. Deep water species, cold tolerant, often eurytopic; 2. Antarctic species, cold loving, usually stenothermal with preference for low salinity; 3. Indian Ocean Central Water species, with preference for temperature lower than 19°C and salinity not much higher than 35%, usually found at sub-surface or intermediate depths, they may spread into the Arabian Sea of Bengal in surface layers; 4. Indian Ocean Equatorial System species, warm tolerant, usually prefer comparatively low salinity, high temperature and high oxygen content; 5. Bay of Bengal Surface Water species, found in surface layers of the Bay, with preference for low salinity, high temperature and high oxygen content; 6. Arabian Sea Surface Water species prefer very high salinity and high temperature; 7. Rare species. Some immigrants from the Mediterranean Sea are described and many species were found to be tolerant of dissolved oxygen content as low as 0.2ml/l. Numerous individuals of many species were found to agglomerate at boundary layers.
Ecology
Zoogeography, Biogeography (generalities), Geographic distribution
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Aegina citrea Eschscholtz, 1829 (additional source)
Aeginura grimaldii Maas, 1904 (additional source)
Aequorea aequorea (Forsskål, 1775) accepted as Aequorea forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (additional source)
Aequorea conica Browne, 1905 (additional source)
Aequorea macrodactyla (Brandt, 1835) (additional source)
Aequorea pensilis (Haeckel, 1879) (additional source)
Aglantha elata (Haeckel, 1879) (additional source)
Aglaura hemistoma Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (additional source)
Amphinema dinema (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (additional source)
Amphinema rugosum (Mayer, 1900) (additional source)
Botrynema brucei Browne, 1908 (additional source)
Bougainvillia ramosa (Van Beneden, 1844) accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (additional source)
Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)
Colobonema sericeum Vanhöffen, 1902 (additional source)
Corymorpha forbesii (Mayer, 1894) (additional source)
Cunina frugifera Kramp, 1948 (additional source)
Cunina octonaria McCrady, 1859 (additional source)
Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschscholtz, 1829 (additional source)
Ectopleura sacculifera Kramp, 1957 (additional source)
Eirene viridula (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (additional source)
Euphysora annulata Kramp, 1928 accepted as Corymorpha annulata (Kramp, 1928) (additional source)
Euphysora bigelowi Maas, 1905 accepted as Corymorpha bigelowi (Maas, 1905) (additional source)
Eutima mira McCrady, 1859 (additional source)
Geryonia proboscidalis (Forsskål, 1775) (additional source)
Halicreas minimum Fewkes, 1882 (additional source)
Haliscera racovitzae (Maas, 1906) (additional source)
Halitiara formosa Fewkes, 1882 (additional source)
Halitrephes maasi Bigelow, 1909 (additional source)
Koellikerina fasciculata (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (additional source)
Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (additional source)
Liriope tetraphylla (Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821) (additional source)
Lovenella cirrata (Haeckel, 1879) (additional source)
Merga reesi Russell, 1956 (additional source)
Merga tergestina (Neppi & Stiasny, 1912) (additional source)
Neoturris pileata (Forsskål, 1775) (additional source)
Oceania armata Kölliker, 1853 (additional source)
Octotiara russelli Kramp, 1953 (basis of record)
Pandea conica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827) (additional source)
Pantachogon haeckeli Maas, 1893 (additional source)
Pegantha clara R.P. Bigelow, 1909 (additional source)
Pegantha triloba Haeckel, 1879 (additional source)
Persa incolorata McCrady, 1859 (additional source)
Phialella quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (additional source)
Phialidium mccradyi (Brooks, 1888) accepted as Clytia mccradyi (Brooks, 1888) (additional source)
Podocoryne carnea M. Sars, 1846 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (basis of record)
Podocoryne minima (Trinci, 1903) accepted as Podocorynoides minima (Trinci, 1903) (basis of record)
Rhopalonema velatum Gegenbaur, 1857 (additional source)
Sminthea eurygaster Gegenbaur, 1857 (additional source)
Solmundella bitentaculata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (additional source)
Staurodiscus tetrastaurus Haeckel, 1879 (additional source)
Tetrorchis erythrogaster Bigelow, 1909 (additional source)
Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857 (additional source)
Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1857 (additional source)
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