(of)Westrumb, A. H. L. (1821). De helminthibus acanthocephalis. Commentatio historico-anatomica adnexo recensu animalium, in Museo Vindobonensi circa helminthes dissectorum et singularum specie rum harum in illis repertarum. Helwing Edit., Hanoverae. 85 pp.[details]
Gibson, D.; Wayland, M. (2021). World List of marine Acanthocephala. Polymorphus contortus (Bremser in Westrumb, 1821) Travassos, 1926. Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2021) European Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100636 on 2025-04-07
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025). European Register of Marine Species. Polymorphus contortus (Bremser in Westrumb, 1821) Travassos, 1926. Accessed at: https://vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=100636 on 2025-04-07
original description(of)Westrumb, A. H. L. (1821). De helminthibus acanthocephalis. Commentatio historico-anatomica adnexo recensu animalium, in Museo Vindobonensi circa helminthes dissectorum et singularum specie rum harum in illis repertarum. Helwing Edit., Hanoverae. 85 pp.[details]
basis of recordGibson, D.I. (2001). Acanthocephala, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 176-177 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceCostello, M.J., C. Emblow & R. White (EdS.). (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50. Mus�um national d'Histoire Naturelle: Paris, France. 463 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceSong, Z.; Proctor, H. (2020). Application of DNA barcoding and morphometric analysis in differentiating cystacanths of Polymorphus species (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from central Alberta, Canada. Parasitology Research., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06870-6[details]