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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Saville-Kent W. 1880/82. A manual of the infusoria. London, Bogue 1: 460-461. [details]
original description
Kent, W.S. (1880-1881). A manual of the infusoria, including a description of all known flagellate, ciliate, and tentaculiferous protozoa, British and foreign and an account of the organization and affinities of the sponges. Vol. I pp. 289-720. London., available online at https://archive.org/details/manualofinfusori18081kent [details] 
original description
(of Dinophysis diegensis Kofoid, 1907) Kofoid, C.A. (1907). Dinoflagellata of the San Diego Region, III. Description of new species. <em>University of California publications. Zoology.</em> 3: 299-304. (look up in IMIS) [details]
context source (HKRMS)
Hodgkiss, I. J.; Chan, B. S. S. (1987). Phytoplankton dynamics in Tolo Harbour. <em>In: Morton B, editor. Asian Marine Biology 4.Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.</em> 103-112. [details]
context source (Bermuda)
Sterrer, W. (1986). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. <em>Wiley-Interscience Publication. Wiley.</em> 742 pp (Nemertini part). [details] Available for editors  [request]
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source
Martin, J. L.; LeGresley, M. M.; Strain P. M.; Clement, P. (1999). Phytoplankton monitoring in the southwest Bay of Fundy during 1993-96. <em>Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2265.</em> 4: 1-132. [details]
additional source
Abé, T.H. (1967). The armoured Dinoflagellata: II. Prorocentridae and Dinophysidae (B) - <i>Dinophysis</i> and its allied genera. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 2: 37-78. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Fukuyo Y., Takano H., Chihara M. & Matsuoka K. 1990. <i>Red tide organisms in Japan – an illustrated taxonomic guide</i>. Uchida Rokakuho, Tokyo. 430 pp. [details]
additional source
Karunasagar I., Segar K. & Karunasagar I. 1989. Potentially toxic dinoflagellates in shellfish harvesting areas along the coast of Karnataka State (India). In : <i>Red tide: Biology, Environmental Science, and Toxicology</i> (Ed. by T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto), pp. 65 - 68. Elsevier, New York. [details]
additional source
Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Lakkis, S. (2011). Le phytoplancton marin du Liban (Méditerranée orientale): biologie, biodiversité, biogéographie. Aracne: Roma. ISBN 978-88-548-4243-4. 293 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216. [details]
additional source
Kofoid, C.A.; Skogsberg, T. (1928). Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross" from October 1904 to March 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding. [No.] XXXV. The Dinoflagellata: the Dinophysoidae. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass.</em> 51: 1-766., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4365822 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Balech, E. (1951). Sobre dos variedades de Dinophysis caudata Kent. <em>Comunic. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo.</em> 3(60): 1-9. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Balech, E. (2002). Dinoflagelados tecados tóxicos en el Cono Sur Americano. <em>In: Sar, E.A., Ferrario, M.E. & Reguera, B. (Eds.). Floraciones Algales Nocivas en el Cono Sur Americano. Instituto Español de Oceanografía.</em> pp. 123-144. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Campbell, P.H. (1973). Studies on brackish water phytoplankton. UNC.SG.73.07. pp. 1-406. Chapel Hill: Sea Grant Publications, University of North Carolina. [details] Available for editors [request]
ecology source
Nishitani, G.; Nagai, S.; Takano, Y.; Sakiyama, S.; Baba, K.; Kamiyama, T. (2008). Growth characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysis infundibulus (Dinophyceae). <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 52: 209-221., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01233 [details]
ecology source
Nishitani, G.; Nagai, S.; Sakiyama, S.; Kamiyama, T. (2008). Successful cultivation of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis caudata (Dinophyceae). <em>Plankton and Benthos Research.</em> 3(2): 78-85., available online at https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.3.78 [details]
ecology source
Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]
From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:47058 [details]From regional or thematic species database
Additional information This species is widely distributed in neritic waters of temperate to tropical areas in both hemispheres. Toxic strains have been reported from Europe, America and Asia.
Europe
Italy: Adriatic, Poletti et al. (1998)
Norway: Aune et al. (1996)
Russia: Black Sea, Vershnin & Kamnev (2001), associated with D. rotundata
Spain: Galicia, Fernandez et al. (2001)
America
Uruguay: Mendez & Ferrari (2002)
Brazil: Reguera (2002)
Mexico: Flores et al. (2002)
Asia
China: Tseng et al. (1993)
Japan: Fukuyo (1990)
Philippines: Marasigan et al. (2001)
South East Asia, Holmes & Teo (2002).
References:
Aune T., Strand O., Aase B., Weidemann J., Dahl E. & Hovgard P. 1996. The Sognefjord in Norway, a possible location for mussel farming? In: Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms (Ed. by T. Yasumoto, Y. Oshima & Y. Fukuyo), pp. 73-75. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris.
Fernandez M.L., Reguera B., Ramilo I. & Martinez A. 2001. Toxin content of Dinophysis acuminata, D. acuta and D. caudata from the Galician Rias Bajas. In: Harmful Algal Blooms (Ed. by G.M. Hallegraeff, S.I. Blackburn, C.J. Bolch & R.J. Lewis), pp. 360-363. IOC UNESCO, Paris.
Flores M., Franco J. Ma., Lluch Cota S.E., Lluch Cota D.B., Cortes Altamirano R. & Sierra-Beltrán A.P. 2002. Recent species shifts on the HAB occurrences in Acapulco Bay, Mexico. Abstracts of the Xth International Conference on Harmful Algae, St. Pete Beach, Florida: 96.
Fukuyo Y., Takano H., Chihara M. & Matsuoka K. 1990. Red tide organisms in Japan – an illustrated taxonomic guide. Uchida Rokakuho, Tokyo. 430 pp.
Holmes M. J., Lai Ming Teo S., Chin Lee F., Woo Koo H. 1999. Persistent low concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in green mussels Perna viridis from the Johor Strait, Singapore: first record of diarrhetic shellfish toxins from South-East Asia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 181: 257-268.
Holmes M.J. & Teo S.L.M. 2002. Toxic marine dinoflagellates in Singapore waters that cause seafood poisonings. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 29: 829-836.
Marasigan A.N., Sato S., Fukuyo Y. & Kodama M. 2001. Accumulation of a high level of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in the green mussel Perna viridis during a bloom of Dinophysis caudata and Dinophysis miles in Saipan Bay, Panay Island, the Philippines. Fisheries Science 67: 994-996.
Méndez S. & Ferrari G. 2002. Floraciones algales nocivas en Uruguay: Antecedentes, proyectos en curso y revisión de resultados. In: Floraciones algales nocivas en el Cono Sur Americano (Ed. by E.A. Sar, M.E. Ferrario & B. Reguera), pp. 269-288. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid.
Poletti R., Cettul K., Bovo F., Milandri A., Pompei M. & Frate R. 1998. Distribution of toxic dinoflagellates and their impact on shellfish along the northwest Adriatic coast. In. Harmful Algae (Ed. by B. Reguera, J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez & T. Wyatt), pp. 88-90. Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernamental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 1998.
Reguera B. 2002. Establecimiento de un programa de seguimiento de microalgas toxicas. In: Floraciones algales nocivas en el Cono Sur Americano (Ed. by E.A. Sar, M.E. Ferrario & B. Reguera), pp. 21-55. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid.
Tseng C. K., Zhou M. J. & Zou J. Z. 1993. Toxic phytoplankton studies in China. In: Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea (Ed. by T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu), pp. 347-352. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.
Vershnin A. & Kamnev A. 2001. Harmful algae in Russian European coastal waters. In: Harmful Algal Blooms (Ed. by G.M. Hallegraeff, S.I. Blackburn, C.J. Bolch & R.J. Lewis), pp. 112-114. IOC UNESCO, Paris. [details]
Description Medium-sized species that has a characteristic posterior finger-like process; cells often occur in pairs, dorsally attached. Dorsal contour is gradually curved, whereas the ventral margin in lateral profile is generally straight along the main body. The posterior process varies in length and shape and the left sulcal list extends the length of the main body. Surface with areolations; type E. [details]
Distribution Widely distributed in neritic waters of temperate to tropical areas of both hemispheres. [details]
Harmful effect DSP outbreaks associated with blooms of D. caudata, often accompanying other dominant Dinophysis species have been reported from Europe, America, Asia and Australia. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contribution of D. caudata to the toxic outbreak. E.g.: outbreaks of D. acuminata together with D. caudata in the first DSP report from northern Argentina (Sar et al. 2011); with D. miles in the Philippines (Marasigan et al. 2001).
OA (7.9 - 56.5 pg/cell) and DTX1 (7.2 – 53.9 pg/cell) in picked cells from the Philippines analyzed by HPLC (Marasigan et al. 2001). Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in cells from the Iberian Peninsula, LC-MS analyses (Fernández et al. 2001, 2006).
[details]
Identification This species superficially resembles D. tripos and D. diegensis. D. diegensis has been called a variety of D. caudata. [details]
Introduced species impact Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Other impact - undefined or uncertain (Bloom forming) [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Ships: General [details]
Synonymy See Schiller 1933 page 153 for old synonyms. Apparently no recent synonym, other than Dinophysis diegensis Kofoid 1907. This latter species is morphologically different but several authors report it as 'small cells' in the life cycle of D. caudata and D. tripos (Reguera et al. 1990, 1995; Moita & Sampayo 1993; Reguera & Gonzalez-Gil 2001; Reguera et al. 2007). [details]
From editor or global species database
Unreviewed
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