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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Forbes, E., Goodsir, J. (1841). On the natural history and anatomy of Thalassema and Echiurus. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 30: 369–378., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15036276
page(s): 369; note: as "Thalassemaceae" for Thalassematidae [details]
original description
(of Thalassematinae Forbes & Goodsir, 1841) Forbes, E., Goodsir, J. (1841). On the natural history and anatomy of Thalassema and Echiurus. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 30: 369–378., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15036276
page(s): 369. [details]
original description
(of Ochetostomatinae DattaGupta, 1976) DattaGupta, A. K. (1976). Classification above the generic level in echiurans. <em>In: Rice, M. E., Todorović, M. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Biology of the Sipuncula and Echiura. II.</em> Naučno Delo Press, Belgrade, pp. 111–118.
page(s): 114. [details]
taxonomy source
Biseswar, Ramlall. (2019). The echiuran fauna of southern Africa (Class: Echiura, Phylum: Annelida). <em>African Zoology.</em> 54(2): 73–90., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2019.1600429 [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
van der Land, J. (2001). Echiura, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 178 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Popkov, D. V. (1992). A new echiuran species Thalassema malakhovi (Echiura) from New Zealand. <em>New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.</em> 26(3-4): 379–383., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288330.1992.9516531
page(s): 381; note: a relatively modern intentional usage of Thalassematidae rather than Thalassematinae [details]
status source
Nishikawa, T. (1998). Nomenclatural remarks on the family-group names of the Phylum Echiura. <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 111(2): 249–256., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35459003
page(s): 253 [details]
status source
Goto, R. (2016). A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of spoon worms (Echiura, Annelida): implications for morphological evolution, the origin of dwarf males, and habitat shifts. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.</em> 99: 247–260., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316000713
note: treated as a valid full family, not part of Echiuridae [details]
status source
Goto, R., Okamoto, T., Ishikawa, H., Hamamura, Y., Kato, M. (2013). Molecular phylogeny of echiuran worms (Phylum: Annelida) reveals evolutionary pattern of feeding mode and sexual dimorphism. <em>PLoS ONE.</em> 8(2): e56809., available online at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056809 [details]
 Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Authority as "Thalassemaceae" for Thalassematidae. The history of the first use of the equivalent of Thalassematidae (thus the authority for the family) and the correct spelling to use is analysed in detail by Nishikawa (1998: 253) [details]
Editor's comment Forbes & Goodsir intended full family rank. More usually Thalassemat(-idae) was treated as a subfamily in Echiuridae, thus the suffix became Thalassemat(-inae). The treatment as full family Thalassematidae, was little used (apart from Bock 1942, Popkov 1992), but recently Goto (2016) has redefined it based on molecular evidence. [details]
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