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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Danielssen, D.C. (1860). Beskrivelse over en ny Art Virgularia [meeting report]. <em>Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania.</em> 1859: 251., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60474183 [details]
original description
(of Pennatula americana Moroff, 1902) Moroff, T. (1902). Studien über Octocorallien. I. Ueber die Pennatulaceen des Münchener Museums. <em>Zoologische Jahrbücher (Syst.).</em> 17: 363-403, plates 14-15., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27412613
page(s): 381-383 [details]
original description
(of Pennatula phosphorea var. aculeata Kölliker, 1869) Kölliker, A. von. (1869). Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien. Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 7: 111-255, plates 1-15., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16209260
page(s): 242 [details]
original description
(of Pennatula distorta var. aculeata Koren & Danielssen, 1883) Koren, J.; Danielssen, D.C. (1883). Nye Alcyonider, Gorgonider og Pennatulider tilhorende Norges Fauna. <em>Bergens Museum Skrifter.</em> 2: 1-38, plates 1-13., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6976981 [details]
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
basis of record
Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Brunel, P., L. Bosse & G. Lamarche. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126.</em> 405 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
Williams G.C. (1995). Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, pp. 93-140.
page(s): 126 [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Kükenthal, W. (1915). Pennatularia. Das Tierreich. 43: 1-132., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/900948
page(s): 90 [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.</em> 51(2): 19-103. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 39 [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1990). The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum.</em> 99:31-119., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40684114
page(s): 105 [details]
additional source
Nutting, C.C. (1912). Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer "Albatross," mainly in Japanese waters, during 1906. <em>Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum.</em> 43:1-104, plates 1-21., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7722925
page(s): 27-28 [details]
additional source
Nutting, C.C. (1909). Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. <em>Proceedings of the United States National Museum.</em> 35: 681-727, plates 84-91., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7495540
page(s): 688-689 [details]
additional source
Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 11, 255, 283-284, 285, 297, 298 [details]
additional source
Jungersen, H.F.E. (1904). Pennatulida. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(1): 1-95, plates 1-3., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16847516
page(s): 11-14 [details]
additional source
Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360
page(s): 45, 86 [details]
additional source
Whiteaves, J. F. (1886). Catalogue of Canadian Pinnipedia, Cetacea, Fishes and Marine Invertebrata. Dept. of Fisheries of the Dominion Government. Ottawa., pp. 42.
page(s): 42 [details]
additional source
Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29.
page(s): 378-382 [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
Unreviewed
Distribution Gulf of St. Lawrence (unspecified region), lower St. Lawrence estuary, and the Laurentian Channel (bathyal zone) (=Honguedo Strait) [details]
Habitat bathyal and circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary [details]
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