MarBEF Data System


WoRMS taxon details

Leocrates Kinberg, 1866

129312  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:129312)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Annelida (Phylum)
  4. Polychaeta (Class)
  5. Errantia (Subclass)
  6. Phyllodocida (Order)
  7. Nereidiformia (Suborder)
  8. Hesionidae (Family)
  9. Hesioninae (Subfamily)
  10. Hesionini (Tribe)
  11. Leocrates (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Lamproderma Grube, 1877 · unaccepted (subjective synonym)
Tyrrhena Claparède, 1868 · unaccepted (subjective synonym)

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  1. Species Leocrates ahlfeldae Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  2. Species Leocrates auritus Hessle, 1925
  3. Species Leocrates bitungensis Pamungkas, 2024
  4. Species Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866
  5. Species Leocrates claparedii (Costa in Claparède, 1868)
  6. Species Leocrates giardi Gravier, 1900
  7. Species Leocrates harrisae Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  8. Species Leocrates iris Grube, 1878
  9. Species Leocrates longicirratus (Treadwell, 1901)
  10. Species Leocrates mooreae Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  11. Species Leocrates reishi Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  12. Species Leocrates rizzoae Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  13. Species Leocrates rousei Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  14. Species Leocrates seidae Salazar-Vallejo, 2020
  15. Subgenus Leocrates (Leocratides) Ehlers, 1908 accepted as Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded as subgenus rank in Leocrates)
    1. Species Leocrates (Leocratides) ehlersi (Horst, 1921) accepted as Leocratides ehlersi (Horst, 1921) (unaccepted > superseded combination, genus superseded as a subgenus rank in Leocrates)
  16. Species Leocrates anomalus Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Paradalhousia anomala (Chamberlin, 1919) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  17. Species Leocrates anonymus Hessle, 1925 accepted as Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866 (subjective synonym)
  18. Species Leocrates atlantica (Roule, 1896) accepted as Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, junior secondary homonym in Leocrates & Dalhousia, gender misspelling, synonym of its senior homonym)
  19. Species Leocrates atlanticus (McIntosh, 1885) accepted as Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885 (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded subsequent combination)
  20. Species Leocrates cupreus (Grube, 1867) accepted as Lamprophaes cuprea Grube, 1867 (superseded recombination)
  21. Species Leocrates diplognathus Monro, 1926 accepted as Paralamprophaea diplognatha (Monro, 1926) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  22. Species Leocrates djangkarensis Augener & Pettibone in Pettibone, 1970 accepted as Paraleocrates djangkarensis (Augener & Pettibone, in Pettibone, 1970) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  23. Species Leocrates ehlersi Horst, 1921 accepted as Leocratides ehlersi (Horst, 1921) (superseded original combination)
  24. Species Leocrates greeffianus Augener, 1918 accepted as Paralamprophaea greeffiana (Augener, 1918) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  25. Species Leocrates indicus Horst, 1921 accepted as Dalhousia indica (Horst, 1921) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  26. Species Leocrates japonicus Gustafson, 1930 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  27. Species Leocrates oculatus (Treadwell, 1906) accepted as Paradalhousia oculata (Treadwell, 1906) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded subsequent combination)
  28. Species Leocrates papillosus Monro, 1926 accepted as Paradalhousia papillosa (Monro, 1926) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  29. Species Leocrates wesenberglundae Pettibone, 1970 accepted as Paraleocrates wesenberglundae (Pettibone, 1970) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
masculine
Kinberg, J. G. H. (1866). Annulata Nova. Continuatio. [various errantia & sedentaria]. <em>Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm.</em> 22(4): 239-258., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32339515
page(s): 244; note: created for Leocrates chinensis, new species, and Hesione proctochona Schmarda is suggested to belong to the genus [details] 
Note Type species Leocrates chinensis Kinberg 1866...  
Unreviewed
Type species Type species Leocrates chinensis Kinberg 1866 in Fauchald, 1977 <246>. [details]
Etymology not stated but Leocrates is a Greek masculine personal name. Leocrates was a leading Athenian general of the First...  
Etymology not stated but Leocrates is a Greek masculine personal name. Leocrates was a leading Athenian general of the First Peloponnesian War. Kinberg uses many personal names derived from Greek history [details]

Taxonomy Wang et al (2018: 10) state that "Pettibone (1970) included as junior synonyms some species based upon specimens from...  
Taxonomy Wang et al (2018: 10) state that "Pettibone (1970) included as junior synonyms some species based upon specimens from distant localities with different morphologies; after our study of variation in L. chinensis, they are herein regarded as distinct, and are included in the key." However, they do not state which species names this comment applies to. This comment also does not explain that Pettibone's synonymies were in several cases based on prior synonymies by earlier authors. Careful examination shows that only Castalia claparedii and C. longicirrata (original names) as included in Wang et al's Leocrates key differ from Pettibones' synonymy placements with L. chinensis . Here is Pettibone's (1970 p.213) summary:

SUMMARY OF SPECIES OF LEOCRATES KINBERG AND LEOCRATIDES EHLERS

Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866. Near Hong Kong, China. Types examined by Ehlers (1901) and Hartman (1949).See page 16.
Lamprophaes cuprea Grube, 1866. Samoa. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Ehlers (1901).
Tyrrhena claparedii (Castalia claparedii A. Costa, in litt.) Claparede, 1868. Naples. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Imajima & Hartman, 1964.
Leocrates cupreus var. iridis Grube, 1878. Samoa and Philippine Islands. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Ehlers (1901). [a misinterpretation by several authors, including Wang et al (2018:.2, misspelled as 'iridus') of a usage of L cupreus Grube by Grube. There is no such subspecies or variety and it is a nomen nudum, see note for Aphia 341063]
Leocrates iris Grube, 1878. Philippine Islands. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Ehlers (1901).
Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885. North Atlantic, south of Canary Islands. Referred to Leocrates atlanticus (McIntosh)
by Marenzeller (1904). Holotype examined (BMNH 1885: 12: 1: 139). See page 24.
Tyrrhena atlantica Roule, 1896. Off Western France. HOMONYM. Referred to Leocrates atlanticus (McIntosh) by Fauvel (1914).
Leocrates giardi Gravier, 1900. Red Sea. See page 21.
Castalia longicirrata Treadwell, 1901. Caribbean Sea (Virgin Islands). Holotype examined (USNM 15915). Referred herein to Leocrates chinensis. See page 16.
Castalia oculata Treadwell, 1906. Hawaii. Holotype examined (USNM 5200). Referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocratides filamentosus Ehlers, 1908. Tropical Pacific Ocean. Syntypes (4) examined (ZMB 4431). See page 32.
Leocrates greeffianus Augener, 1918. Tropical West Africa. Holotype examined (ZMH 5700). See page 26.
Leocrates anomalus Chamberlin, 1919. Tropical Pacific (Marshall Islands). Holotype examined (USNM 19392). Referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocrates eblersi Horst, 1921. East Indies. Syntypes (15) examined (ZMA Vpol. 533; USNM 37646). Referred herein to Leocratides filamentosus. See page 32.
Leocrates indicus Horst, 1921. Banda Sea, East Indies. Holotype examined (ZMA Vpol. 2481). Referred herein to Leocrates atlanticus. See page 24.
Leocrates anonymus Hessle, 1925. Japan. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Monro (1926).
Leocrates auritus Hessle, 1925. Bonin Islands, Pacific Ocean. Questionably referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocrates diplognathus Monro, 1926. China Sea. Syntypes (4) examined (BMNH 1926: 4: 30: 123-125). See page 20.
Leocrates papillosus Monro, 1926. China Sea. Syntypes (2) examined (BMNH 1926: 4: 30: 131-132). Referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocrates wesenberglundae Pettibone, new species. Gulf of Oman. Holotype and paratypes (3) (UZMC; USNM 37647). See page 27.
Leocrates djangkarensis Augener & Pettibone, new species. Malay Archipelago. Holotype and paratype (ZMA Vpol. 534.3, Vpol. 2104). See page 29.
In his report on "Siboga" material of this family, Horst (1924) emphasized the similarities of Leocrates Kinberg and Leocratides Ehlers by using the latter as a subgenus of the former.
 [details]
Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2024). World Polychaeta Database. Leocrates Kinberg, 1866. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=129312 on 2024-11-21
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Bellan, Gérard
2008-03-04 06:49:09Z
changed
Decock, Wim
2008-03-26 11:36:43Z
changed
Fauchald, Kristian
2013-10-30 21:06:18Z
changed
Read, Geoffrey
2020-02-17 21:13:29Z
changed
Read, Geoffrey
2022-01-06 04:54:33Z
changed
Read, Geoffrey

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Kinberg, J. G. H. (1866). Annulata Nova. Continuatio. [various errantia & sedentaria]. <em>Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm.</em> 22(4): 239-258., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32339515
page(s): 244; note: created for Leocrates chinensis, new species, and Hesione proctochona Schmarda is suggested to belong to the genus [details] 

original description (of Lamproderma Grube, 1877) Grube, A. E. (1877). Anneliden - Ausbeute S.M.S. Gazelle. <em>Monatsbericht der Koniglich Preussischer Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.</em> 509-554., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35723826
page(s): 525 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Tyrrhena Claparède, 1868) Claparède, É. (1868). Les annélides chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. <em>Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève.</em> 19(2): 313-584, plates I-XVI., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14309905
page(s): 537 [details] 

taxonomy source Wang, Zhi; Qiu Jian-Wen & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2018). Redescription of Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866 (Annelida, Hesionidae). <em>Zoological Studies.</em> 57(5): 1-11., available online at http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/57/57-05.html
note: authors state "Pettibone (1970) included as junior synonyms some species based upon specimens from distant localities with different morphologies; after our study of variation in L. chinensis, they ar...    
authors state "Pettibone (1970) included as junior synonyms some species based upon specimens from distant localities with different morphologies; after our study of variation in L. chinensis, they are herein regarded as distinct, and are included in the key." However, they do not state which species names this comment applies to.
[details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

taxonomy source Pettibone, Marian H. (1970). Polychaeta Errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part IV. Some additional polychaetes of the Polynoidae, Hesionidae, Nereidae, Goniadidae, Eunicidae, and Onuphidae, selected as new species by the late Dr. Hermann Augener with remarks on other related species, in M. Weber, L.F. Beaufort and J.H. Stock eds., Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Bonatisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië 1899-1900. Leiden, E.J. Brill, p. 199-270.
page(s): 213 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Pleijel, Fredrik. (1998). Phylogeny and classification of Hesionidae (Polychaeta). <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 27(2): 89-163, 38 figures, 7 tables., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00433.x [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details] 

additional source Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, <i>in</i>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 214-231. (look up in IMIS)
note: checklist [details] 

additional source Day, J. H. (1967). [Errantia] A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 1. Errantia. British Museum (Natural History), London. pp. vi, 1–458, xxix., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8596 [details] 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Etymology not stated but Leocrates is a Greek masculine personal name. Leocrates was a leading Athenian general of the First Peloponnesian War. Kinberg uses many personal names derived from Greek history [details]

Grammatical gender Masculine. Leocrates is a male name from ancient Greece. Most prior authors have treated Leocrates as masculine. [details]

Taxonomy Wang et al (2018: 10) state that "Pettibone (1970) included as junior synonyms some species based upon specimens from distant localities with different morphologies; after our study of variation in L. chinensis, they are herein regarded as distinct, and are included in the key." However, they do not state which species names this comment applies to. This comment also does not explain that Pettibone's synonymies were in several cases based on prior synonymies by earlier authors. Careful examination shows that only Castalia claparedii and C. longicirrata (original names) as included in Wang et al's Leocrates key differ from Pettibones' synonymy placements with L. chinensis . Here is Pettibone's (1970 p.213) summary:

SUMMARY OF SPECIES OF LEOCRATES KINBERG AND LEOCRATIDES EHLERS

Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866. Near Hong Kong, China. Types examined by Ehlers (1901) and Hartman (1949).See page 16.
Lamprophaes cuprea Grube, 1866. Samoa. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Ehlers (1901).
Tyrrhena claparedii (Castalia claparedii A. Costa, in litt.) Claparede, 1868. Naples. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Imajima & Hartman, 1964.
Leocrates cupreus var. iridis Grube, 1878. Samoa and Philippine Islands. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Ehlers (1901). [a misinterpretation by several authors, including Wang et al (2018:.2, misspelled as 'iridus') of a usage of L cupreus Grube by Grube. There is no such subspecies or variety and it is a nomen nudum, see note for Aphia 341063]
Leocrates iris Grube, 1878. Philippine Islands. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Ehlers (1901).
Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885. North Atlantic, south of Canary Islands. Referred to Leocrates atlanticus (McIntosh)
by Marenzeller (1904). Holotype examined (BMNH 1885: 12: 1: 139). See page 24.
Tyrrhena atlantica Roule, 1896. Off Western France. HOMONYM. Referred to Leocrates atlanticus (McIntosh) by Fauvel (1914).
Leocrates giardi Gravier, 1900. Red Sea. See page 21.
Castalia longicirrata Treadwell, 1901. Caribbean Sea (Virgin Islands). Holotype examined (USNM 15915). Referred herein to Leocrates chinensis. See page 16.
Castalia oculata Treadwell, 1906. Hawaii. Holotype examined (USNM 5200). Referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocratides filamentosus Ehlers, 1908. Tropical Pacific Ocean. Syntypes (4) examined (ZMB 4431). See page 32.
Leocrates greeffianus Augener, 1918. Tropical West Africa. Holotype examined (ZMH 5700). See page 26.
Leocrates anomalus Chamberlin, 1919. Tropical Pacific (Marshall Islands). Holotype examined (USNM 19392). Referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocrates eblersi Horst, 1921. East Indies. Syntypes (15) examined (ZMA Vpol. 533; USNM 37646). Referred herein to Leocratides filamentosus. See page 32.
Leocrates indicus Horst, 1921. Banda Sea, East Indies. Holotype examined (ZMA Vpol. 2481). Referred herein to Leocrates atlanticus. See page 24.
Leocrates anonymus Hessle, 1925. Japan. Referred to Leocrates chinensis by Monro (1926).
Leocrates auritus Hessle, 1925. Bonin Islands, Pacific Ocean. Questionably referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocrates diplognathus Monro, 1926. China Sea. Syntypes (4) examined (BMNH 1926: 4: 30: 123-125). See page 20.
Leocrates papillosus Monro, 1926. China Sea. Syntypes (2) examined (BMNH 1926: 4: 30: 131-132). Referred herein to Leocrates giardi. See page 21.
Leocrates wesenberglundae Pettibone, new species. Gulf of Oman. Holotype and paratypes (3) (UZMC; USNM 37647). See page 27.
Leocrates djangkarensis Augener & Pettibone, new species. Malay Archipelago. Holotype and paratype (ZMA Vpol. 534.3, Vpol. 2104). See page 29.
In his report on "Siboga" material of this family, Horst (1924) emphasized the similarities of Leocrates Kinberg and Leocratides Ehlers by using the latter as a subgenus of the former.
 [details]

Unreviewed
Habitat Known from seamounts and knolls [details]

Type species Type species Leocrates chinensis Kinberg 1866 in Fauchald, 1977 <246>. [details]
    Definitions

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To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Lamproderma) (from synonym Lamproderma Grube, 1877)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Leocrates) 
To Genbank 
To ITIS
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