Schmidt, O. (1868). Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-iv, 1-44, pls I-V. page(s): 17; pl III 8 [details]
Holotype BMNH 1868.3.2.4, geounit Western...
Holotype BMNH 1868.3.2.4, geounit Western Mediterranean [details]Holotype MNHN DT 735, geounit Western Mediterranean [details]
Taxonomy Caribbean records under this name usually concern Spirastrella hartmani or Spirastrella mollis.
Taxonomy Caribbean records under this name usually concern Spirastrella hartmani or Spirastrella mollis. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2024). World Porifera Database. Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=134235 on 2025-04-16
original descriptionSchmidt, O. (1868). Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-iv, 1-44, pls I-V. page(s): 17; pl III 8 [details]
original description(ofSpirastrella purpurea glaebosa Vosmaer, 1911)Vosmaer, G.C.J. (1911). The Porifera of the Siboga-expedition: 2. The genus Spirastrella. Siboga-Expeditie: uitkomsten op zoölogisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië 1899-1900 aan boord H.M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter Zee 1e kl. G.F. Tydeman, VIa(1). E.J. Brill: Leyden, The Netherlands. 69, plates I-XIV pp. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 47, pl V fig.6 [details]
original description(ofHymeniacidon angulata Bowerbank, 1872)Bowerbank, J.S. (1872). Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part III. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1872: 626-635, pls XLVI-XLIX. page(s): 632-633 [details]
original description(ofSpirastrella purpurea tuberosa Vosmaer, 1911)Vosmaer, G.C.J. (1911). The Porifera of the Siboga-expedition: 2. The genus Spirastrella. Siboga-Expeditie: uitkomsten op zoölogisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië 1899-1900 aan boord H.M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter Zee 1e kl. G.F. Tydeman, VIa(1). E.J. Brill: Leyden, The Netherlands. 69, plates I-XIV pp. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 26 [details]
basis of recordRützler, K. (2002 [2004]). Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. Pp. 220-223. In: Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 1708 + xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).[details] Available for editors [request]
basis of recordRützler, K. (2002). Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. Pp. 220-223. In: Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 2 volumes. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 1708 + xvliii. ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version).[details]
additional sourceBen Mustapha, K; Zarrouk, S.; Souissi, A.; El Abed, A. (2003). Diversité des Démosponges Tunisiennes. Bulletin Institut national des Sciences et Technologies de la mer de Salammbô. 30, 55-78. page(s): 65 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCarballo, J.L.; Garcia-Gómez, J.C. (1994). Esponjas del Estrecho de Gibraltar y áreas próximas, con nuevas aportaciones para la fauna Iberica [Porifera from the Straits of Gibraltar and nearby areas, new species of the Iberian fauna]. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 35(2): 193-211. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 195 [details]
additional sourceSarà, M. (1958). Contributo all consoscenza dei Poriferi del Mar Ligure. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova. 70(1): 207-244. page(s): 221 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceDesqueyroux-Faúndez, R. (1990). Sponges (Demospongiae) from Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) (South Pacific Ocean). Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 97(2): 373-410. page(s): 378-379; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceBurton, M. (1936). The fishery ground near Alexandria. IX. Sponges. Notes and Memoirs of the Fisheries Research Directorate, Cairo. 17: 1-28. page(s): 22 [details]
additional sourceLehnert, H. (1993). Die Schwämme von Cozumel (Mexiko). Bestandsaufnahme, kritischer Vergleich taxonomischer Merkmale, und Beschreibung einer neuen Art (The sponges from Cozumel (Mexico). Inventory, critical comparison of taxonomic characters and description of a new species. Acta Biolologica Benrodis. 5: 35-127 (in German, with abstracts in German and English). page(s): 60; note: Misapplication: This is a Mediterranean species. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceRützler, K. (1966). Die Poriferen einer sorrentiner Höhle. Ergebnisse der Österreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952. Teil. XVIII. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 176 (5), 303-319. page(s): 313 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLabate, M.; Arena, P. (1964). La fauna dei Poriferi nei laghi di Ganzirri e Faro (Messina). Archivo Zoologico Italiano. 49: 249-280. page(s): 263 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceVoultsiadou, E. (2005). Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Zoology. 72 (1): 53-64. page(s): 55 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLiu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceAloui-Bejaoui, N.; Afli, A. (2012). Functional diversity of the macro-invertebrate community in the port area of Kerkennah Islands (Tunisia). Mediteranean Marine Science. 13 (1): 93-102. page(s): 102 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceBibiloni, M-A; Gili,J-M. (1982). Primera aportación al conocimiento de las cuevas de la Isla de Mallorca. Oecologia aquatica. 6: 227-234. page(s): 232 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceEvcen, A.; Çinar, M.E. (2012). Sponge (Porifera) species from the Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Levantine Sea, eastern Mediterranean), with a checklist of sponges from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology,. 36, 460-464. page(s): 464; fig 3 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCorriero, G.; Scalera-Liaci, L.; Ruggiero, D.; Pansini, M. (2000). The sponge community of a semi-submerged Mediterranean cave. Marine Ecology. 21 (1), 85-96. page(s): 89 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCorriero, G.; Scalera-Liaci, L.; Gristina, M.; Riggio, S.; Mercurio, M. (1997). Composizione tassonomica e distribuzione della fauna e Poriferi e Briozoi in una grotta semisommersa della riserva naturale marina "Isola di Ustica". Biologia Marina Mediterranea. 4 (1), 34-43. page(s): 37 [details]
additional sourceGerovasileiou, V.; Voultsiadou, E. (2012). Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: A Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir within a Biodiversity Hotspot. PLoS ONE. 7(7): e39873., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039873 page(s): Table S1 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceEvcen, A.; Cinar, M.E. (2015). Bioeroding sponge species (Porifera) in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. 21 (3): 285-306. page(s): 290-291 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceMarra, M.V.; Bertolino, M.; Pansini, M.; Giacobbe, S.; Manconi, R.; Pronzato, R. (2016). Long-term turnover of the sponge fauna in Faro Lake (North-East Sicily, Mediterranean Sea). Italian Journal of Zoology. 1-10., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2016.1251981 page(s): 4 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceGerovasileiou, V.; Voultsiadou, E. (2016). Sponge diversity gradients in marine caves of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Schönberg C.H.L., Fromont J., Hooper J.N.A., Sorokin S., Zhang W. & de Voogd N (eds) New Frontiers in Sponge Science. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 96: 407-416., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000697 page(s): 4 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCosta, G.; Giussani, V.; Kletou, D.; Kleitou, P.; Pansini, M.; Setti, A.; Pronzato, R.; Bertolino, M. (2018). A first preliminary study of the shallow water sponge fauna from Cyprus Island (Eastern Mediterranean). Zootaxa. 4450(5): 594., available online athttps://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.7 page(s): 595 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCosta, G.; Betti, F.; Nepote, E.; Cattaneo-Vietti, R.; Pansini, M.; Bavestrello, G.; Bertolino, M. (2018). Sponge community variations within two semi-submerged caves of the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea) over a half-century time span. The European Zoological Journal. 85 (1): 382-392., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2018.1525439 page(s): 386 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLongo, C.; Cardone, F.; Pierri, C.; Mercurio, M.; Mucciolo, S.; Marzano, C.N.; Corriero, G. (2018). Sponges associated with coralligenous formations along the Apulian coasts. Marine Biodiversity. 48(4): 2151-2163., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0744-x page(s): 2158 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceHussein, K.B.; Talet, L.B. (2019). A preliminary inventory of biodiversity and benthic habitats of “Plane” Island (Paloma) in Oran Bay, north western Algeria, (western Mediterranean). Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 25 (1): 49-72. page(s): 59 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceVarsha, M.S.; ; Ranjith, L.; Varghese, M.; Joshi, K.K.; Sethulakshmi, M.; Prasad, A.R.; Antony, T.P.; Parvathy. M.S.; Jesuraj, N.; Muthukrishnan, P.; Ravindren, I.; Paulpondi, A.; Kanthan, K.P.; Karuppuswami, M.; Biswas, M.; Gopalakrishnan, A. (2020). Biodiversity of sponges (Phylum: Porifera) off Tuticorin, India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India. 62(2): 40-57., available online athttps://doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2020.62.2.2250-05 page(s): 46; note: Possible misapplication. S. cunctatrix is a Mediterranean & North Atlantic species not previously reported in the Gulf of Mannar, Indian region. Until the record is confirmed through re-examination of...
Possible misapplication. S. cunctatrix is a Mediterranean & North Atlantic species not previously reported in the Gulf of Mannar, Indian region. Until the record is confirmed through re-examination of voucher specimens this distribution is incertae sedis
additional sourceVan Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceBoury-Esnault, N. (1971). Spongiaires de la zone rocheuse de Banyuls-sur-Mer. II. Systématique. Vie et Milieu. 22(2): 287-349. page(s): 301 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceBoury-Esnault, N.; Klautau, M.; Bézac, C.; Wulff, J.; Solé-Cava, A.M. (1999). Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 79(1): 39-50. page(s): 47 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceHentschel, E. (1909). Tetraxonida. I. Teil. Pp. 347-402, pls XXII-XXIII. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds), Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger südwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. 2 :21. page(s): 382-383; note: misapplication [details]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1936). A comparison of the shallow-water sponges near the Pacific end of the Panama Canal with those at the Caribbean end. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 83 (2993): 441-466. page(s): 461; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1956). Preliminary discussion of the sponges of Brasil. Contribuições Avulsas Instituto Oceanografico. São Paulo. 1: 1-4. page(s): 2; note: misapplication [details]
additional sourceLévi, C. (1957). Spongiaires des côtes d'Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. 6 B(3-4): 201-212. page(s): 204; fig 3 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLévi, C. (1959). Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ‘Calypso'. Campagne de la ‘Calypso' dans le Golfe de Guinée et aux îles Principe, São Tomé et Annobon. 5. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut océanographique. 37 (4): 115-141, pls 5-6. page(s): 124; fig 10 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLévi, C. (1965). Spongiaires récoltés par l'expédition israélienne dans le sud de la Mer Rouge en 1962. In: Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962, Report 13. Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa Bulletin. 39, 3-27. page(s): 11; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourcePouliquen, L. (1972). Les spongiaires des grottes sous-marines de la région de Marseille: Ecologie et systématique. Téthys. 3(4): 717-758. page(s): 127 [details]
additional sourcePulitzer-Finali, G. (1978). Report on a Collection of Sponges from the Bay of Naples. III Hadromerida, Axinellida, Poecilosclerida, Halichondrida, Haplosclerida. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universitá di Genova. 45: 7-89. page(s): 28-29 [details]
additional sourcePulitzer-Finali, G. (1983). A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 84: 445-621. page(s): 493-494 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourcePulitzer-Finali, G. (1986). A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 86: 65-216. page(s): 90; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceRützler, K. (1965). Systematik und Ökologie der Poriferen aus Litoral-Schattengebieten der Nordadria. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere. 55(1): 1-82. page(s): 20-21 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSarà, M. (1960). Poriferi del litorale dell'isola d'lschia e loro ripartizioneper ambienti. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli. 31(3):421-472, pls XII-XIII. page(s): 451 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSarà, M. (1961). La fauna di Poriferi delle grotte delle isole Tremiti. Studio ecologico e sistematico. Archivio zoologico italiano. 46: 1-59,pls I-II. page(s): 33 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSarà, M.; Siribelli, L. (1960). La fauna di Poriferi delle 'secche' del Golfo di Napoli. 1. La 'secca' della Gaiola. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo de Zoologia dell'Università di Napoli. 12(3): 1-93. page(s): 39 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceRoveta, C.; Marrocco, T.; Calcinai, B.; Pulido Mantas, T.; Pica, D.; Valisano, L.; Puce, S. (2022). Unravelling the sponge diversity of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The European Zoological Journal. 89(1): 310-323., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2022.2042406 page(s): 314 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceKrikech, I.; Le Pennec, G.; Ezziyyani, M. (2022). Preliminary study of the shallow water sponges (Demospongiae) from the north-central Moroccan Mediterranean coast. AACL Bioflux. 15 (1): 305-313. page(s): Table 2 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceEvcen, A.; Özalp, B. (2023). Marine invertebrate fauna (Porifera, Anthozoa) and biodiversity status on the historically important wreck sites of HMS Majestic and Helles Barges (Northern Aegean coast of Türkiye). pp. 56-72 in Öz, M.İ. (Ed.) 2023. Shipwrecks of the Gallipoli Campaign and Protection of Marine Biodiversity. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication no: 69, İstanbul, Türkiye. page(s): 66 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceTopsent, E. (1925). Etude des Spongiaires du Golfe de Naples. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale. 63(5): 623-725, pl. VIII. page(s): 630 [details]
additional sourceTopsent, E. (1938). Contribution nouvelle à la connaissance des Eponges des côtes d'Algérie. Les espèces nouvelles d'O. Schmidt, 1868. Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique, Monaco. 758: 1-32. page(s): 21 [details]
additional sourceVacelet, J.; Vasseur, P. (1971). Éponges des récifs coralliens de Tuléar (Madagascar). Téthys. Supplément 1: 51-126. page(s): 74; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceVacelet, J.; Vasseur, P.; Lévi, C. (1976). Spongiaires de la pente externe des récifs coralliens de Tuléar (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie). 49:1-116, pls I-X. page(s): 32-33; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceWiedenmayer, F. (1977). Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum. 28: 1-287, pls 1-43. page(s): 162-163; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record(ofSpirastrella cuncatrix)Reitner, J.; Keupp, H. (eds). (1991). Fossil and recent sponges. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest. i-xviii, 1-595. page(s): 592 (subject index); note: mispelling of the species name [details]
source of synonymy(ofSpirastrella angulata (Bowerbank, 1872))Burton, M. (1956). The sponges of West Africa. Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Copenhagen). 4: 111-147. page(s): 142 [details] Available for editors [request]
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