VLIZ Alien Species Consortium (2022). Molgula manhattensis. Niet-inheemse soorten in het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee en omliggende estuaria = Non-indigenous species from the Belgian part of the North Sea and estuaria. VLIZ Alien Species Consortium (VLIZ): Oostende. Diff. pag. pp.
Part of: Niet-inheemse soorten in het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee en omliggende estuaria = Non-indigenous species from the Belgian part of the North Sea and estuaria. VLIZ Alien Species Consortium (VLIZ): Ostend. ISSN 2983-5518
Related to:
VLIZ Alien Species Consortium (2020). Molgula manhattensis - Ronde zakpijp, in: Verleye, T. et al.Niet-inheemse soorten in het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee en aanpalende estuaria. VLIZ Special Publication, 86: pp. 609-615, more
The sea grape Molgula manhattensis has been present for a long time in Europe, along the east coast of America, and around Australia. However, some authors are convinced that the American and European populations are two distinct species. Therefore, we cannot consider this tunicate as a non-native species. In Belgium, the species got first observed and reported in the mid-19th century in the port of Ostend. Later, the species settled in the ports of Zeebrugge and Blankenberge. The sea grape is believed to have arrived here by attachment to the hulls of ships.
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