Bougis, P. (1967). Utilisation des plutéus en écologie expérimentale. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 15(1-4): 59-68. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01618609
Kinne, O.; Aurich, H. (Ed.) (1967). Vorträge und Diskussionen. Erstes Europäisches Symposion über Meeresbiologie = Papers and discussions. First European Symposium on Marine Biology = Rapports et discussions. Premier symposium européen sur biologie marine. European Marine Biology Symposia, 1. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 15(1-4). 669 pp., more
Thee pluteus of sea urchins(Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) are planktonic organisms easily reared in the laboratory for experimental purposes. After a short summary of methods, the stages of development are outlined. These include an endotrophic phase, an exotrophic phase and a period of regression. Requirements for experimental use are described, and some applications are then shown. The latter include estimates of toxicity (copper, bactericidal solutions), and measures of food value (cultures of unicellular algae). Some prospects of using these pluteus in experimental ecology are also discussed.
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