Progress at reducing the scale and conservation impact of cetacean bycatch has been slow, sporadic, and limited to a few specific fisheries or circumstances. As a result, bycatch remains perhaps the greatest immediate and well-documented threat to cetacean populations globally. Having recognized the critical importance of reducing bycatch levels to prevent the depletion, and in some cases extinction, of cetacean populations, World Wildlife Fund-US launched a global bycatch initiative early in 2002. Their strategy calls on governmental and non-governmental bodies to move quickly, cooperatively, and thoughtfully to achieve bycatch reduction. As a supportive step, a working group was established to identify priorities and provide guidance on how financial and other resources should be invested to address bycatch issues. The group conducted a global survey of cetacean bycatch problems and identified a series of specific problems that should be addressed as priorities, with emphasis on: (1) situations that are especially critical (e.g. a species’ or population’s survival is immediately at risk from bycatch) and are not being addressed adequately; (2) circumstances where rapid progress could be made with a modest investment of resources; (3) situations in which bycatch is believed to pose a threat to cetaceans but a quantitative assessment is needed to verify the risk; and (4) fisheries in which a currently available solution (technical, socio-economic, or a combination) appears feasible.
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